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Revue de Physique Appliquée

Josephson detectors of millimeter electromagnetic radiation

В. А. Куликов, N.N. Kurdjumov, G.F. Leshchenko, L.V. Matveets, V. V. Migulin, Eugene S. Soldatov

Published Jan 1, 1974• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possibility of construction of high sensitive detectors of electromagnetic radiation on the base of Josephson point contacts have been studied in detail [1], [2], [3], [4]. This communication is devoted to detectors of electromagnetic radiation in the upper millimeter range, designed for use in radioastronomy, in particular for experimental investigation of radiation spectra of celestial objects.

DOI
10.1051/rphysap:0197400901029300

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Physical review. B, Solid state•Jul 1, 1973•80 citations
The possibility of construction of high sensitive detectors of electromagnetic radiation on the base of Josephson point contacts have been studied in detail [1], [2], [3], [4]. This communication is devoted to detectors of electromagnetic radiation in the upper millimeter range, designed for use in radioastronomy, in particular for experimental investigation of radiation spectra of celestial objects.
A millimeter and submillimeter microwave source is described in which a point-contact Josephson junction is used as both the emitter and as a homodyne detector of the microwave radiation. The microwave radiation is conveyed from the Josephson junction to the room-temperature environment outside the Dewar of liquid helium by an oversize waveguide. A room-temperature Fabry-Perot resonator refocuses the radiation on the oversize waveguide which returns the radiation to the emitting junction which also serves as a coherent detector with sensitivity 10-15W/√Hz. The detector is sufficiently sensitive that the emitted power of 10-12W can be detected with high signal-to-noise ratio. Power required by the junction is of the order 10-6W from the bias supply. For the experiments reported, the wavelength of the emission could be varied over discrete wavelengths between 1.1 and 2.6 mm by varying the voltage bias across the junction. These wavelengths corresponded to the resonant frequencies of a cavity tightly coupled to the Josephson junction, and the frequencies can be changed by modifying the geometry of the cavity.
A weak link between two bulk superconductors can exhibit Josephson effects and can be used as a fast sensitive detector or mixer for electromagnetic radiation. Emphasis is placed on the millimeter and submillimeter range where such applications are potentially most important, though such devices should also work well at lower frequencies. The peculiar properties of the weak link make possible a variety of modes of operation including one in which it is both local oscillator and mixer. These modes of operation are analyzed and the pivotal experiments are reviewed. Noise and impedance matching are considered and comparison is made with other types of detectors of millimeter and submillimeter waves.
The interaction of point-contact Josephson-junction arrays with electromagnetic fields, both self-generated and externally applied, is considered. Data are presented which suggest that such point-contact arrays can enter a "correlated" state in which the voltage drops at each of the junctions across the array equal the Josephson value $\ensuremath{\hbar}\frac{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}}{2e}$ or some multiple or submultiple of this value. The use of these and other types of weak-link arrays as radiation detectors is discussed.