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A detector receiver of millimeter and submillimeter radiation employing a superconducting point contact

Iu. Ia. Divin, A. I. Zhukov, F. Ya. Nad, K. A. Rulev, S. Yu. Turygin

Published Aug 1, 1976• 0 citations
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Abstract

The construction of a detector receiver of millimeter- and submillimeter-band radiation, based on a superconducting point contact, is described. The procedure for preparing the receiver for operation is explained and its characteristics are given. The threshold sensitivity of the receiver at a wavelength of 1.88 mm amounts to a value of 4 x 10/sup -14/ W/Hz/sup /sup 1///sub 2//.

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Proceedings of the IEEE•Jan 1, 1973•18 citations
The construction of a detector receiver of millimeter- and submillimeter-band radiation, based on a superconducting point contact, is described. The procedure for preparing the receiver for operation is explained and its characteristics are given. The threshold sensitivity of the receiver at a wavelength of 1.88 mm amounts to a value of 4 x 10/sup -14/ W/Hz/sup /sup 1///sub 2//.
At the present time there is considerable interest in the use of superconducting point contacts (SPC's) for various measurement purposes, in particular the measurement of millimeter and submillimeter band electromagnetic radiation. One problem facing the development of SPC detectors is ensuring their stability and resistance to external influences and noise and the ability to match them to the radiation source over a wide band. A design was developed with a stable uncontrolled SPC in an oversize quasi-optical waveguide for use within a wide band of wavelengths, and some of its characteristics in the 3 cm and 4 mm bands were investigated in the case of ''high resistance'' SPC's with an asymptotic resistance of 10 to 30 ..cap omega.. and critical currents of 5 to 40 ..mu..A.
Superconducting detectors will play an increasingly significant role in astrophysics, especially at millimeter through far-IR wavelengths, where the scientific opportunities include key problems in astronomy and cosmology. Superconducting detectors offer many benefits: outstanding sensitivity, lithographic fabrication, and large array sizes, especially through the recent development of multiplexing techniques. This paper describes the scientific opportunities, the basic physics of these devices, the techniques for radiation coupling, and reviews the recent progress in direct detectors, such as transition-edge bolometers, and the work on tunnel junction (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) and hot-electron mixers.
A millimeter and submillimeter microwave source is described in which a point-contact Josephson junction is used as both the emitter and as a homodyne detector of the microwave radiation. The microwave radiation is conveyed from the Josephson junction to the room-temperature environment outside the Dewar of liquid helium by an oversize waveguide. A room-temperature Fabry-Perot resonator refocuses the radiation on the oversize waveguide which returns the radiation to the emitting junction which also serves as a coherent detector with sensitivity 10-15W/√Hz. The detector is sufficiently sensitive that the emitted power of 10-12W can be detected with high signal-to-noise ratio. Power required by the junction is of the order 10-6W from the bias supply. For the experiments reported, the wavelength of the emission could be varied over discrete wavelengths between 1.1 and 2.6 mm by varying the voltage bias across the junction. These wavelengths corresponded to the resonant frequencies of a cavity tightly coupled to the Josephson junction, and the frequencies can be changed by modifying the geometry of the cavity.