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Laser Physics

Optical frequency standard based on the coherent population trapping resonance

E. V. Baklanov, Sergei N Bagayev, А. К. Дмитриев, А. В. Тайченачев, Valeriy I. Yudin

Published May 29, 2014• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an optical frequency standard which uses as a reference the coherent population trapping resonance. This frequency standard is based on a self-mode-locked laser with the frequency of pulse repetition directly locked to the hyperfine splitting of 133 Cs. An important feature of the proposed standard consists in the absence of a source of microwave radiation.

DOI
10.1088/1054-660x/24/7/074007

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We have theoretically and experimentally proven that the transient transmitted laser power through a typical Λ system atomic cell near Coherent Population Trapping resonance presents as a damping oscillation. The oscillating frequency is identical to the frequency detuning from the atomic hyperfine splitting. Based on the transient coherent population trapping (TCPT) phenomenon, we have proposed an atomic clock in which the standard frequency is obtained by compensated the TCPT oscillating frequency to the RF modulating frequency. Therefore we do not need to lock the RF frequency. There will be advantages for atomic clock miniaturization and stabilization.

Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)•Jun 1, 2010•4 citations
We propose an optical frequency standard which uses as a reference the coherent population trapping resonance. This frequency standard is based on a self-mode-locked laser with the frequency of pulse repetition directly locked to the hyperfine splitting of 133 Cs. An important feature of the proposed standard consists in the absence of a source of microwave radiation.
We present a microwave frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT) in the 87Rb D1 line. The CPT spectrum is obtained using two Raman lasers with a 6.8 GHz frequency offset by injection locking of a master laser to a slave laser. We have constructed an atomic clock employing a 5 cm long Rb vapor cell confined with 6.67 kPa neon buffer gas at 70 °C. Using this system, we improve the CPT contrast through the elimination of undesired off-resonant fields created by the direct modulation method. We measured the frequency shift of the CPT signal as a function of the temperature of the Rb cell and estimated it to be approximately 1.3 ×10−9/K. The frequency of a 10 MHz crystal oscillator has been stabilized to the CPT spectrum between the two ground states in 87Rb. The relative frequency stability is approximately 2.3×10−12 for an average time of 68 s.
The paper gives an overview of our present theoretical understanding of coherent population trapping in alkali metal atoms as used in the implementation of an atomic frequency standard. Two approaches are examined: The passive approach in which the microwave hyperfine resonance is detected directly on the transmitted radiation and the maser approach in which the same resonance is observed by means of stimulated emission in a microwave cavity. The theoretical analysis reviewed is supported by experimental results.
The description of a new type of frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT) in cesium is given. The phenomenon creates a magnetization oscillating at the hyperfine frequency. Microwave radiation emitted by such a magnetization is detected by means of a microwave cavity. The process takes place without population inversion. Results are given for continuous and pulsed operation. The possibility of using the CPT coherent microwave emission as the basis of a frequency standard is analyzed.
We have theoretically and experimentally proven that the transient transmitted laser power through a typical Λ system atomic cell near Coherent Population Trapping resonance presents as a damping oscillation. The oscillating frequency is identical to the frequency detuning from the atomic hyperfine splitting. Based on the transient coherent population trapping (TCPT) phenomenon, we have proposed an atomic clock in which the standard frequency is obtained by compensated the TCPT oscillating frequency to the RF modulating frequency. Therefore we do not need to lock the RF frequency. There will be advantages for atomic clock miniaturization and stabilization.