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Applied Physics Letters

Phase control of bright and dark states in four-wave mixing and fluorescence channels

Peiying Li, Zhengyang Zhao, Zhiguo Wang, Yiqi Zhang, Huayan Lan, Haixia Chen, Huaibin Zheng, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Aug 20, 2012• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We first investigate the phase control of the switch between bright and dark states in the transmitted probe, four-wave mixing (FWM) and fluorescence signals in a four-level 85Rb atomic system. With the relative phase modulated from 0 to −π, pure dark state in the FWM and fluorescence channels can be switched to pure bright state, corresponding to the switch from electromagnetically induced transparency to electromagnetically induced absorption. Meanwhile, the results could be obtained in solid crystals. Such phase controlled switch could have potential applications in optical communication and quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1063/1.4747453

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations
We first investigate the phase control of the switch between bright and dark states in the transmitted probe, four-wave mixing (FWM) and fluorescence signals in a four-level 85Rb atomic system. With the relative phase modulated from 0 to −π, pure dark state in the FWM and fluorescence channels can be switched to pure bright state, corresponding to the switch from electromagnetically induced transparency to electromagnetically induced absorption. Meanwhile, the results could be obtained in solid crystals. Such phase controlled switch could have potential applications in optical communication and quantum information processing.
We investigate the power control behavior of odd-order multiwave mixing in an electromagnetically induced transparency window. We successfully obtain the evolution from pure enhancement (bright state), half-enhancement, and half-suppression, to pure suppression (dark state) in a four-wave mixing (FWM) channel. The correlations of two bright and two dark states of FWM are studied under four different kinds of power configurations. Moreover, the power-controlled quantum interference among multiple dark states is also studied in FWM and six-wave mixing channels. Such selective switching among multiple frequency channels could have potential applications in optical switching, optical communication, and quantum information processing.
We experimentally study the phase regulated switch between electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption in probe transmission signal and the conversion between enhancement and suppression in four-wave mixing and fluorescence signals for the first time. By changing the relative phase, electromagnetically induced transparency can be converted into electromagnetically induced absorption. In this process, the conversion from suppression to enhancement is also obtained in four-wave mixing and fluorescence signals. This research can be applied in non-linear optical device like optical switch and optical wavelength convertor.
The conversion between enhancement and suppression in six-wave mixing (SWM) and fluorescence signals by phase modulation has demonstrated for the first time. It is observed in our experiment the suppression of SWM and fluorescence is transformed into enhancement in company with the switch from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the transmitted probe with the relative phase changed from 0 to π/2. Our research could be potentially applied in optical communication and quantum information processing.
For the first time, we experimentally study the phase control of the coexisting dressed probe signal, six-wave mixing and fluorescence signals in a five-level K-type atomic system by adjusting the angle between the probe signal and certain coupling beams. Such phase controlling results in a switch between bright and dark states. In addition, by using different hyperfine levels of the K-type atomic system as the ground state, the magnitude of the dressing effect is manipulated. The mechanisms of the three types of nonlinear processes are investigated by changing the frequency detuning and powers of the coupling laser beams. In addition, we study the interference and competition among the involved beams in nonlinear optical processes. Such controllable nonlinear processes could have potential applications in optical communication and quantum information processing.
We simultaneously investigate the four-wave mixing and the fluorescence signals via two cascade electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems in atomic rubidium vapor. By manipulating the deflection angle between the probe beam and certain coupling beams, the dark state can extraordinarily switch to bright state, induced by the angle-modulation on the dressing effect. Besides, in the fluorescence signal, the peak of two-photon fluorescence due to classical emission and the dip of single-photon fluorescence due to dressing effect are distinguished, both in separate spectral curves and in the global profile of spectrum. Meanwhile, we observe and analyze the similarities and discrepancies between the two ground-state hyperfine levels F = 2 and F = 3 of Rb 85 for the first time.
In this thesis, atomic coherence is used to enhance nonlinear optical processes in multi-level atoms. The multi-photon transitions are driven resonantly, and at the same time without absorptive losses, by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), thereby allowing the study of χ(3) and χ(5) nonlinearities using weak driving fields. The coherently modified probe beam(s) and the atom-radiated signal fields arising from four- and six- wave- mixing (FWM and SWM) processes are measured in the spectral, temporal and spatial domains. In a three-level ladder-type atomic system, multiple peaks having spectral asymmetries are observed in the EIT window as well as in the FWM signal waveforms due to the diverse multiplicities of the participating atomic states. Using phase control tailored in the frequency domain, we demonstrate all-optical methods to control these spectral waveforms and discuss applications involving waveform-shaping and metrology. For the EIT study we demonstrate a switching of multiple dark peaks into bright peaks via phase-control of interferences in the underlying dark-states. In the FWM study we demonstrate all-optical spectral line shape symmetrization, linewidth narrowing and bandwidth switching. In a four-level inverted-Y-type atomic system, we drive and measure coexisting and phase-matched FWM and SWM signals. By using precision control of the relative phase and amplitude between these two processes of different nonlinear orders, we demonstrate phase coherence between them. First, a single-phase measurement is performed in the temporal and spatial domains, and the interferogram is used to measure the resonant frequency of the 5D5/2-5P3/2 atomic transition in 85Rb. Second, the method is extended to realize a capacity for two-phase measurement. In this case, the spectral bandwidth of the signal is modified in order to measure the phase-shift occurring in one Mach-Zehnder interferometer, while the intensity of the total signal waveform measures the phase-shift occurring in a second interferometer. Finally, we demonstrate phase-dependent spatial fusion between two ultra-weak optical fields by using a strong coupling field to first convert the weak fields into bosonic dark-state polaritons, which are then steered into a common all-optical waveguide mode arising due to the coupling field's intensity distribution and the resulting cross-Kerr refractive index gradient.