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Physical Review Letters

Squeezed optical solitons

M. Rosenbluh, Robert M. Shelby

Published Jan 14, 1991• 298 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have experimentally demonstrated the squeezing of optical solitons, resulting in a detected photocurrent noise power (32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3)% (1.7 dB) below the shot-noise limit over a broadband of frequencies. The squeezing is accomplished using the Kerr nonlinearity of a polarization-preserving single-mode optical fiber at liquid-nitrogen temperature. Squeezed solitons, 1.1 dB below the shot-noise limit, were observed at room temperature.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.66.153

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Journal of Optoelectronics·laser•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations
We have experimentally demonstrated the squeezing of optical solitons, resulting in a detected photocurrent noise power (32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3)% (1.7 dB) below the shot-noise limit over a broadband of frequencies. The squeezing is accomplished using the Kerr nonlinearity of a polarization-preserving single-mode optical fiber at liquid-nitrogen temperature. Squeezed solitons, 1.1 dB below the shot-noise limit, were observed at room temperature.
Summary form only given.Recently, a novel way of generating an amplitude-squeezed state using the Kerr nonlinearity has been demonstrated. In this scheme, a pulse with an energy greater than that of the fundamental soliton is launched into an optical fiber with a length of several soliton periods. At the fiber output, the pulse is filtered and detected. The resulting photocurrent has a noise level lower then the shot noise, indicating an amplitude-squeezed state. Here, we demonstrate that soliton amplitude squeezing can be obtained without postfiltering.
Summary form only given.Spectral filtering of optical solitons has been demonstrated to squeeze their photon-number uncertainty up to a measured value of 3.8 dB. The squeezing has been explained in terms of an uneven spectral distribution of photon-number noise caused by the Kerr nonlinearity of the fiber. Some indication for correlations among different frequency components has been found in a numerical analysis. We present the first experimental evidence for such spectral correlations. The experimental setup is shown. Pulses of 130 fs centered at 1.5 /spl mu/m are launched into a 2.9-m polarization-presenting single-mode optical fiber with energies close to the fundamental soliton energy.
We present new results on photon number squeezing of spectrally filtered solitons in fibers. The impact of frequency low-, high-, and bandpass filtering on noise reduction has been measured as a function of fiber length for 130-fs pulses close to the soliton energy. For short fibers our results agree qualitatively with theoretical predictions. For longer fibers, however, the measured squeezing increases to an unexpectedly large value. Filtering out the long-wavelength components of strongly Raman-shifted, higher energy pulses squeezed the directly detected photocurrent fluctuations down to 3.8+/-0,2 dB (59%) below the shot noise level. The measured noise reductions are broadband from 5 to 90 MHz.
We report the photon-number squeezing of optical solitons. 2.7 ps pulses were launched as solitons down a 1.5 km optical fiber. For energies slightly above that of fundamental solitons, they broadened spectrally due to self-phase modulation caused by ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ nonlinearities. Filtering away outlying components of the broadened spectra squeezed the soliton's photon-number fluctuations to 2.3 dB (41%) below the shot-noise limit. Accounting for losses, this corresponds to 3.7 dB (57%) photon-number squeezing. A quantum field-theoretic model shows that the outlying spectral components have large energy fluctuations, so that their removal causes squeezing.