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Physical Review A

Time-dependent aspects of the Autler-Townes effect in a four-level system

Kariman I. Osman, S. Swain

Published Jun 1, 1982• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Time-dependent optical Autler-Townes spectra are calculated for a four-level system in which the ground state is a doublet with frequency separation much larger than any of the Rabi frequencies. The finite linewidths of the lasers are taken into account in the phase-diffusion model. Optical-pumping effects cause a transfer of population with a resulting significant change in the spectra with time. Numerically evaluated spectra are presented, and it is found that the nature of the asymmetry can change drastically with time.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.25.3187

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Time-dependent spectra are calculated for the optical Autler-Townes effect in a three-level system without Doppler broadening and in the probe field approximation. Analytic expressions are also given for the steady-state spectra taking account of the finite laser linewidths, which are assumed to be due to phase diffusion. Comparison is made with time-dependent spectra in the related phenomenon of resonance fluorescence, and the differences pointed out. The effects of laser linewidths on the amplitude of the spectra are also discussed, and found to be marked. The method used in the calculations is that of generalised multiphoton rate equations.

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arXiv:physics/0405082•Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics•Nov 6, 2004•5 citations
Time-dependent optical Autler-Townes spectra are calculated for a four-level system in which the ground state is a doublet with frequency separation much larger than any of the Rabi frequencies. The finite linewidths of the lasers are taken into account in the phase-diffusion model. Optical-pumping effects cause a transfer of population with a resulting significant change in the spectra with time. Numerically evaluated spectra are presented, and it is found that the nature of the asymmetry can change drastically with time.
Time-dependent spectra are calculated for the optical Autler-Townes effect in a three-level system without Doppler broadening and in the probe field approximation. Analytic expressions are also given for the steady-state spectra taking account of the finite laser linewidths, which are assumed to be due to phase diffusion. Comparison is made with time-dependent spectra in the related phenomenon of resonance fluorescence, and the differences pointed out. The effects of laser linewidths on the amplitude of the spectra are also discussed, and found to be marked. The method used in the calculations is that of generalised multiphoton rate equations.
Some features of the optical Autler-Townes effect as observed in Doppler-broadened three-level systems, including the physical significance of the observed line splitting, the conditions for the observation of the doublet, the doublet separation and the detuning effects, are discussed in this paper. A graphical illustration of the phenomenon, based on a search for on-resonance velocity groups, is proposed which allows a complete qualitative discussion of the effect and shows that the observed doublet is not really a splitting of the resonance as for the atom at rest but rather corresponds to a frequency hole where the laser probe does not see any resonant velocity group. The method is applied to real three-level systems of neon as typical cases. A semi-classical density-matrix calculation is performed numerically and definitely confirms the results of the qualitative graphical discussion ; furthermore it shows that, for many experimental situations, the first order approximation is inadequate. The observation of the Autler-Townes doublet in a new experiment using two dye lasers is reported. The experimental results and that of one of our previous experiments are compared with the theoretical predictions ; the agreement is quite satisfactory.
We theoretically investigated the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in the photoelectron spectra of four-level ladder K-2 molecules in the presence of two control pump fields and one probe field by employing the time-dependent wave packet approach. The wavelength dependence of AT splitting on three laser pulses was studied in detail. The photoelectron spectra show triple splitting with symmetric profiles, but with asymmetric profiles when the wavelength is changed. The shifts of the absorption peaks are predicted by using an analytical fitting function when the wavelength of one of the three fields is changed, and the functional dependence appears to be linear. These novel results are of importance for the molecular spectroscopy, and may stimulate further theoretical studies analytically from the first principles. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2014
Feneuille and Schweighofer (1975) have used a three-level model to discuss the observation of the Autler-Townes effect in a two-step resonance experiment. A numerical investigation is presented in which the effect of the neighbouring non-resonant hyperfine levels is taken into account. Firstly all the levels are treated as non-degenerate, and then degeneracy is allowed for. It is found that both the inclusion of the neighbouring states and allowance for their degeneracy cause a large change in the expected upper-state population, especially at high light intensities. It is concluded that the resonant three-level model is a poor model in this situation.
In this work we theoretically investigate a Λ-like three-level system. Our model consists of a onedimensional quantum well with a nearby continuum. The Λ level structure is formed by the ground state (a valence band state) and two excited states (both in conduction band), one being a localized and the other a quasi-bound state which is interacting with the continuum. An infrared (IR) field is used to drive the excited states into dressed states creating Autler-Townes doublets. We solve the semiconductor Bloch equation, in real space and in time domain, to follow the interband optical excitation dynamics. The optical absorption and the photocurrent spectra are calculated for different potential barriers separating the well and the continuum. We show how this affects the Autler-Townes doublets since this is a possible way of changing the relationship between the IR Rabi frequency and the dephasing rates.