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한국광학회지

Active cancellation of phase noise induced by an optical fiber for delivery of optical frequency standard

Won-Kyu Lee, Jae-Wan Kim, Han-Young Ryu, Eok-Bong Kim

Published Feb 25, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

광섬유 망을 통해 수 kHz의 좁은 선폭을 가지는 $1.5{\mu}m$ 레이저광원을 높은 전송 안정도로 전송하였다. 525 m 길이의 단일모드 광섬유를 통과하면서 발생하는 광 위상 잡음을 능동적으로 제거하는 실험 장치를 구성하였고, 이렇게 하여 전송된 광 주파수의 전송 안정도는 1 초의 평균시간에서 $2{\times}10^{-17}$ 로 측정되었다. 전송된 광 주파수의 품질을 주파수 영역과 시간 영역에서 정량적으로 분석하였다. We have transferred a narrow-linewidth $1.5{\mu}m$ laser beam through a 525 m fiber network with excellent transfer stability. The fiber-induced optical phase noise during the fiber transmission is cancelled by configuring a noise-canceling servo. The transfer instability was $2{\times}10^{-17}$ at 1 s of averaging time. We quantitatively analyzed the transferred optical frequency in the frequency domain and in the time domain.

DOI
10.3807/hkh.2007.18.1.044

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광섬유 망을 통해 수 kHz의 좁은 선폭을 가지는 1.5μm1.5{\mu}m1.5μm 레이저광원을 높은 전송 안정도로 전송하였다. 525 m 길이의 단일모드 광섬유를 통과하면서 발생하는 광 위상 잡음을 능동적으로 제거하는 실험 장치를 구성하였고, 이렇게 하여 전송된 광 주파수의 전송 안정도는 1 초의 평균시간에서 2×10−172{\times}10^{-17}2×10−17 로 측정되었다. 전송된 광 주파수의 품질을 주파수 영역과 시간 영역에서 정량적으로 분석하였다. We have transferred a narrow-linewidth 1.5μm1.5{\mu}m1.5μm laser beam through a 525 m fiber network with excellent transfer stability. The fiber-induced optical phase noise during the fiber transmission is cancelled by configuring a noise-canceling servo. The transfer instability was 2×10−172{\times}10^{-17}2×10−17 at 1 s of averaging time. We quantitatively analyzed the transferred optical frequency in the frequency domain and in the time domain.
우리는 이중공명 광펌핑(double resonance optical pumping; DROP)효과를 이용하여 루비듐( 87^{87}87 Rb) 원자의 5P 3_{3}3​ 2/-4D 3_{3}3​ 2/와 5P 3_{3}3​ 2/-4D 5_{5}5​ 2/ 전이선에서 DROP 스펙트럼을 관측하고, 1.5 μm\mu\textrm{m}μm 레이저의 주파수를 무변조 안정화하였다. 관측한 DROP 스펙트럼은 기존의 광-광이중공명(optical-optical double resonance; OODR) 스펙트럼보다 높은 신호대잡음비를 가지며, 약 10 MHz의 좁은 선폭을 갖고 있다. DROP 스펙트럼의 상대적인 세기는 자발방출에 의한 광펌핑 정도로 설명할 수 있었다. DROP스펙트럼에 안정화된 1.5 μm\mu\textrm{m}μm 레이저의 주파수 흔들림은 샘플링 시간 0.1초에서 0.2 MHz로 측정되었고, 상대주파수 흔들림은 평균시간 100초에서 약 1 ×{\times}× 10−1110^{-11}10−11 이었다. We present the double resonance optical pumping(DROP) spectra in the transition 5P 3_{3}3​ 2/-4D 3_{3}3​ 2/ and 5P 3_{3}3​ 2/-4D 5_{5}5​ 2/ of ( 87^{87}87 Rb) and the frequency stabilization in the 1.5mutextrmm1.5mutextrm{m}1.5mutextrmm region using those spectra. Those spectra have high signal-to-noise ratio and narrow spectral linewidth, which is about 10 MHz. We could account fur the relative intensities of the hyperfine states of those spectra by the spontaneous emission into the other state. When the frequency of the 1.5mutextrmm1.5mutextrm{m}1.5mutextrmm laser diode was stabilized to the DROP spectrum, the frequency fluctuation was about 0.2 MHz fDr sampling time of 0.1 s and the Allan deviation(or the square root of the Allan variance) was about 1 ×{\times}× 10 −11^{-11}−11 for averaging time of l00s.
We have recently demonstrated the coherent transfer of an optical signal over a 251 km link of optical fiber by use of the standard Doppler-cancellation approach to remove the effects of the fiber-link noise. The fundamental limit to the frequency instability on the transmitted optical frequency is set by residual phase noise on the optical frequency resulting from the unavoidably imperfect Doppler cancellation of the fiber-link noise. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to quantitatively predict the phase noise and instability of the Doppler-cancelled transmitted optical frequency directly from the measured fiber-link noise. The ability to predict the frequency instability from the measured fiber noise can be a useful tool in evaluating whether a coherent fiber optic link is operating at its fundamental limit, or whether there is additional excess noise from the measurement system present in the link.
Comparison of ultra-stable frequency references located in geographically distributed areas require a transfer technique, which offers stability of 10−17at 1 s over tens of kilometer. Such remote frequency transfer will allow comparing the optical frequency references of same or different atomic species (through a frequency comb bridge) for test of relativistic geodesy [1] or time variation of fundamental constants [2], and will contribute towards the database of frequency ratio measurements-an essential requirement for the re-definition of the SI second based on optical clocks [3]. It will also facilitate in creating an optical to microwave frequency link that can be used by various SI standards laboratory requiring stable microwave sources. In this paper, I discuss the modulated optical carrier wave based ultra-stable frequency reference transfer technique, and present a study of a laser interferometer based active fiber noise cancellation system and its applications.
An rf dissemination system using an optical fiber link has been developed. The phase noise induced during optical fiber transmission has been successfully cancelled using what we believe to be a novel fiber-noise compensation system with a combination of electrical and optical compensations. We have performed rf transfer in a 114 km urban telecom fiber link in Tokyo with a transfer stability of 10(-18) level at an averaging time of 1 day. Additionally, a high degree of continuous operation robustness has been confirmed.