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IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

Optical frequency transfer over 38 km of installed fiber at less than 3 ? 10-19 residual fractional instability

Paul A. Williams, William C. Swann, Nathan R. Newbury

Published Jul 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We transmit a narrow-linewidth cw laser at 1535 nm across 38 km of installed fiber. Through standard Doppler-cancellation techniques, we achieve a residual fractional frequency instability of 4 times 10-17at 1 second averaging time.
DOI
10.1109/leosst.2007.4288394

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광섬유 망을 통해 수 kHz의 좁은 선폭을 가지는 $1.5{\mu}m$ 레이저광원을 높은 전송 안정도로 전송하였다. 525 m 길이의 단일모드 광섬유를 통과하면서 발생하는 광 위상 잡음을 능동적으로 제거하는 실험 장치를 구성하였고, 이렇게 하여 전송된 광 주파수의 전송 안정도는 1 초의 평균시간에서 $2{\times}10^{-17}$ 로 측정되었다. 전송된 광 주파수의 품질을 주파수 영역과 시간 영역에서 정량적으로 분석하였다. We have transferred a narrow-linewidth $1.5{\mu}m$ laser beam through a 525 m fiber network with excellent transfer stability. The fiber-induced optical phase noise during the fiber transmission is cancelled by configuring a noise-canceling servo. The transfer instability was $2{\times}10^{-17}$ at 1 s of averaging time. We quantitatively analyzed the transferred optical frequency in the frequency domain and in the time domain.

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We have recently demonstrated the coherent transfer of an optical signal over a 251 km link of optical fiber by use of the standard Doppler-cancellation approach to remove the effects of the fiber-link noise. The fundamental limit to the frequency instability on the transmitted optical frequency is set by residual phase noise on the optical frequency resulting from the unavoidably imperfect Doppler cancellation of the fiber-link noise. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to quantitatively predict the phase noise and instability of the Doppler-cancelled transmitted optical frequency directly from the measured fiber-link noise. The ability to predict the frequency instability from the measured fiber noise can be a useful tool in evaluating whether a coherent fiber optic link is operating at its fundamental limit, or whether there is additional excess noise from the measurement system present in the link.
Optical frequency at 1542 nm was coherently transferred over a 120-km-long installed telecom fiber network between two cities (Tsukuba and Tokyo) in Japan separated by more than 50 km. The phase noise induced by the fiber length fluctuations was actively reduced by using a fiber stretcher and an acousto-optic modulator. The fractional frequency instability of the one-way transmitted light was reduced down to less than 8.0 x 10(-16) at an averaging time of 1s, which is limited by the theoretical limit deduced from the length and the intrinsic noise of the fiber.
We transfer an optical frequency over 251 km of optical fiber with a residual instability of 6x10(-19) at 100 s. This instability and the associated timing jitter are limited fundamentally by the noise on the optical fiber and the link length. We give a simple expression for calculating the achievable instability and jitter over a fiber link. Transfer of optical stability over this long distance requires a highly coherent optical source, provided here by a cw fiber laser locked to a high finesse optical cavity. A sufficient optical carrier signal is delivered to the remote fiber end by incorporating two-way, in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifiers to balance the 62 dB link loss.
We report the design and performance of a transportable laser system at 1543 nm, together with its application as the source for a demonstration of optical carrier frequency transmission over 118 km of an installed dark fiber network. The laser system is based around an optical reference cavity featuring an elastic mounting that bonds the cavity to its support, enabling the cavity to be transported without additional clamping. The cavity exhibits passive fractional frequency insensitivity to vibration along the optical axis of 2.0×10(-11) m(-1) s(2). With active fiber noise cancellation, the optical carrier frequency transmission achieves a fractional frequency instability, measured at the user end, of 2.6×10(-16) at 1 s, averaging down to below 3×10(-18) after 20,000 s. The fractional frequency accuracy of the transfer is better than 3×10(-18). This level of performance is sufficient for comparison of state-of-the-art optical frequency standards and is achieved in an urban fiber environment.
The phase coherence of an ultrastable optical frequency reference is fully maintained over actively stabilized fiber networks of lengths exceeding 30 km. For a 7-km link installed in an urban environment, the transfer instability is 6 x 10{-18} at 1 s. The excess phase noise of 0.15 rad, integrated from 8 mHz to 25 MHz, yields a total timing jitter of 0.085 fs. A 32-km link achieves similar performance. Using frequency combs at each end of the coherent-transfer fiber link, a heterodyne beat between two independent ultrastable lasers, separated by 3.5 km and 163 THz, achieves a 1-Hz linewidth.
광섬유 망을 통해 수 kHz의 좁은 선폭을 가지는 1.5μm1.5{\mu}m1.5μm 레이저광원을 높은 전송 안정도로 전송하였다. 525 m 길이의 단일모드 광섬유를 통과하면서 발생하는 광 위상 잡음을 능동적으로 제거하는 실험 장치를 구성하였고, 이렇게 하여 전송된 광 주파수의 전송 안정도는 1 초의 평균시간에서 2×10−172{\times}10^{-17}2×10−17 로 측정되었다. 전송된 광 주파수의 품질을 주파수 영역과 시간 영역에서 정량적으로 분석하였다. We have transferred a narrow-linewidth 1.5μm1.5{\mu}m1.5μm laser beam through a 525 m fiber network with excellent transfer stability. The fiber-induced optical phase noise during the fiber transmission is cancelled by configuring a noise-canceling servo. The transfer instability was 2×10−172{\times}10^{-17}2×10−17 at 1 s of averaging time. We quantitatively analyzed the transferred optical frequency in the frequency domain and in the time domain.