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Optics Letters

Resonator-enhanced optical guiding and trapping of Cs atoms

Fang Fang, David S. Weiss

Published Jan 13, 2009• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a 90 cm launch of Cs atoms guided by a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice. The 1064 nm wavelength optical lattice is made in a 2 m long buildup cavity and provides a transverse guide depth of up to 125 microK. Before they reach the top of their trajectory, the atoms are stopped and cooled by optical molasses, becoming trapped in the 1D lattice. The lattice can be loaded with multiple launches, filling sites that extend over 5 cm. The trap is far from all magnetic sources and will be used for a precision measurement of the electron electric-dipole moment.

DOI
10.1364/ol.34.000169

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Resonator-enhanced optical guiding and trapping of Cs atoms

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We demonstrate a 90 cm launch of Cs atoms guided by a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice. The 1064 nm wavelength optical lattice is made in a 2 m long buildup cavity and provides a transverse guide depth of up to 125 μK. Before they reach the top of their trajectory, the atoms are stopped and cooled by optical molasses, becoming trapped in the 1D lattice. The lattice can be loaded with multiple launches, filling sites that extend over 5 cm. The trap is far from all magnetic sources and will be used for a precision measurement of the electron electric-dipole moment.

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Laser cooling of atoms is the basis of researches on ultracold atoms and molecules. It is of great importance in the study of precision measurement and quantum simulation, etc. In order to obtain ultracold cesium atomic sample with a lower temperature and a higher density, as the starting point to create ultracold cesium ground state molecules, we demonstrate in this article a method which effectively overcomes the heating from the reabsorption of scattered light in magneto-optical trap to further reduce the ultracold atomic temperature by loading atoms into a 3D optical lattices. Based on obtaining the ultracold Cs atoms in a standard magneto-optical trap, we use the compressed magneto-optical trap technology to increase ultracold Cs atomic density. Efficient loading of ultracold Cs atoms is achieved by 3D optical lattices which constructed by four lasers; the temperature of the atoms is measured by time-of-flight method. We observed the cooling result that the temperature drops from ~60.0 μK to ~11.6 μK. We also explore the dependence of the atom numbers in the lattice on the frequency of lattice lasers, and lead to the conclusion that the loading rate of the optical lattices reaches its maximum when the lattices laser’s detuning is –15.5 GHz. In the meantime, this paper investigates the use of optical lattice to suppress the heating of the ultracold atoms due to the radiation photons, in this sense, our research has far-reaching significance. Our scheme is advantageous due to its relaxed starting temperature requirement, meaning that 3D DRSC can be directly accomplished in a standard single cell vapour-loaded MOT without reliance on any additional devices such as a Zeeman slower.

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Physical Review A•Apr 9, 2001•82 citations
We demonstrate a 90 cm launch of Cs atoms guided by a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice. The 1064 nm wavelength optical lattice is made in a 2 m long buildup cavity and provides a transverse guide depth of up to 125 microK. Before they reach the top of their trajectory, the atoms are stopped and cooled by optical molasses, becoming trapped in the 1D lattice. The lattice can be loaded with multiple launches, filling sites that extend over 5 cm. The trap is far from all magnetic sources and will be used for a precision measurement of the electron electric-dipole moment.
We demonstrate a 90 cm launch of Cs atoms guided by a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice. The 1064 nm wavelength optical lattice is made in a 2 m long buildup cavity and provides a transverse guide depth of up to 125 μK. Before they reach the top of their trajectory, the atoms are stopped and cooled by optical molasses, becoming trapped in the 1D lattice. The lattice can be loaded with multiple launches, filling sites that extend over 5 cm. The trap is far from all magnetic sources and will be used for a precision measurement of the electron electric-dipole moment.
We have constructed a tapered magnetic atom guide that is integrated with a magneto-optical trap. We have observed atom guiding over distances of up to 20 cm. This integrated strategy is useful for loading atoms into wire guides. We have shown that tapered sections in atom guides. i.e. sections with a variable steepness of the transverse guiding potential, can reflect atoms propagating in the guide. The reflection arises from the adiabatic conservation of the action of the transverse motion; the latter can be used as a control parameter for the atom reflectivity. A method of producing a slow, dark atomic beam of atoms is demonstrated. Atoms that are extracted from a magneto-optical trap using a push beam are quickly pumped into a dark state, which does not interact with the push laser beam. This method is capable of producing atoms with a velocity of order 1 m/s. The slow atoms can be coupled into atom guides. In related research, we observe tunneling resonances of atoms in a 1D optical lattice through the measurement of the magnetization. These resonances manifest themselves as modulations in the magnetization curves. The resonances are shown to be related to the coherence properties of the atoms, and exist only under conditions where the coherence time exceeds the tunneling period of the atoms.
Laser cooling of atoms is the basis of researches on ultracold atoms and molecules. It is of great importance in the study of precision measurement and quantum simulation, etc. In order to obtain ultracold cesium atomic sample with a lower temperature and a higher density, as the starting point to create ultracold cesium ground state molecules, we demonstrate in this article a method which effectively overcomes the heating from the reabsorption of scattered light in magneto-optical trap to further reduce the ultracold atomic temperature by loading atoms into a 3D optical lattices. Based on obtaining the ultracold Cs atoms in a standard magneto-optical trap, we use the compressed magneto-optical trap technology to increase ultracold Cs atomic density. Efficient loading of ultracold Cs atoms is achieved by 3D optical lattices which constructed by four lasers; the temperature of the atoms is measured by time-of-flight method. We observed the cooling result that the temperature drops from ~60.0 μK to ~11.6 μK. We also explore the dependence of the atom numbers in the lattice on the frequency of lattice lasers, and lead to the conclusion that the loading rate of the optical lattices reaches its maximum when the lattices laser’s detuning is –15.5 GHz. In the meantime, this paper investigates the use of optical lattice to suppress the heating of the ultracold atoms due to the radiation photons, in this sense, our research has far-reaching significance. Our scheme is advantageous due to its relaxed starting temperature requirement, meaning that 3D DRSC can be directly accomplished in a standard single cell vapour-loaded MOT without reliance on any additional devices such as a Zeeman slower.
Trapping particles is a key starting point for a range of physics experiments. The ability to confine, manipulate and interrogate a trapped species enables an invaluable degree of control and precision. Each trap offers different advantages and possibilities, and emerging experiments often demand different methods of trapping. This thesis describes a new three-dimensional microwave trap for atoms and molecules. Like an optical dipole trap, it can trap ground state polar molecules, but its depth and volume are larger by factors of 10^3 and 10^9 respectively. The experiment consists of a lithium oven, Zeeman slower, magneto-optical trap (MOT), a moving magnetic trap, and a high-quality Fabry-Perot cavity which serves as the microwave trap. Starting from a MOT of 1×10^8 lithium-7 atoms, the atomic cloud is cooled from a temperature of around 1mK to 41(1)μK with the recently developed Raman grey molasses method. Next, the population is optically pumped to a magnetically trappable state, and up to 85(2)% are loaded into a quadrupole magnetic trap. These atoms are then transferred to a moving magnetic trap and translated 600mm to the centre of the microwave cavity. After optimizing the transport to minimize atom heating and loss, we can produce samples of 2×10^7 atoms in the microwave chamber, at a phase space density of 3.58(15)×10^7. Finally, loading of the microwave trap is demonstrated and its basic properties studied. When the input power to the cavity is 610W, the electric field amplitude at the centre reaches roughly 20kV/cm. At this input power, centre-of-mass oscillation frequencies in the microwave trap were measured as 28.55(5)Hz along the axis of the cavity, and 8.81(8)Hz along the orthogonal direction. The observed lifetime was 1.76(12)s, limited by the vacuum quality. The atomic cloud expands and cools to 22(3)μK when loaded into the microwave trap, with a phase space density of 4(1)×10^7. This is consistent with adiabatic loading from the magnetic trap.
We launch Cs atoms using a moving three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice. Atoms are initially spin polarized and cooled to the ground state of the optical potential using 3D Raman sideband cooling and then accelerated in the lattice to velocities of up to 3m/s.3 \mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}.3m/s. Subsequent adiabatic lowering of the potential releases the atoms from the lattice. Three-dimensional kinetic temperatures as low as 200nK200 \mathrm{nK}200nK were achieved. The observed temperature of the launch is independent of the acceleration and final velocity of the atoms. In an alternative approach, we first accelerate the atoms to velocities of up to 5 m/s using moving molasses and then cool them with the lattice in the comoving frame of the atoms to temperatures as low as 150 nK.