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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Collisions of ultrashort light pulses in a dye solution inside a nonresonant ring

A. Daugvila, V Kabelka, Anatolii V Masalov

Published Aug 31, 1990• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Numerical calculations were made of the characteristics (energy, duration, and phase modulation) of ultrashort light pulses emerging from a nonresonant ring (Sagnac interferometer) containing a dye solution. It is shown that the sign of the frequency modulation of the reflected optical signal is positive, whilst the transmitted optical pulse is split and, depending on the position of the cell containing the solution, its energy is exposed to an anticollision influence.

DOI
10.1070/qe1990v020n08abeh007312

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Numerical calculations were made of the characteristics (energy, duration, and phase modulation) of ultrashort light pulses emerging from a nonresonant ring (Sagnac interferometer) containing a dye solution. It is shown that the sign of the frequency modulation of the reflected optical signal is positive, whilst the transmitted optical pulse is split and, depending on the position of the cell containing the solution, its energy is exposed to an anticollision influence.
Equations are proposed for the nonlinear interaction between optical pulses and dye solutions allowing for the contribution of the stimulated emission band to the nonlinear dispersion of the solution. A numerical solution of the equations showed that, for pulses having a carrier frequency near the absorption band of the solution, phase modulation of the pulses transmitted by the solution took the form of a deviation of the instantaneous frequency toward the red, and the "chirp" was positive.
A calculation is made of the intensity of the Stokes radiation in the stimulated Raman scattering of ultrashort light pulses in a dispersive medium employing the asymptotic approximation for arbitrary modulation of the amplitude and phase of the pump pulse. Particular attention was paid to the effect of phase modulation on the stimulated Raman scattering. Calculations were also made of the intensity of the anti-Stokes component in the scattering of an ultrashort pulse in a dispersive medium and of the optimal angle for the observation of the anti-Stokes rings.
Changes in the modulus and phase of a slowly varying envelope of an ultrashort pulse are calculated for the case of propagation across a saturable absorber. Vibronic relaxation of the optical transition in the absorber is allowed for. A study is made of the dependences of the duration of a pulse transmitted by a nonlinear absorber on the vibrational relaxation time of dye molecules and on the detuning of the carrier frequency of a pulse relative to the maximum of the equilibrium absorption spectrum. It is shown that a chirp appears even in the absence of such detuning provided the energy of lf quanta of optically active vibrations is comparable with the thermal excitation energy. This chirp originates from partial completion of the vibrational relaxation process during a pulse, so that absorption and refraction occur in a system which is not in a vibrational equilibrium.
The time dependence of the frequency shift (δω) due to colliding-pulse phase modulation (CPPM) is computed, for collision of femtosecond optical pulses, both in nonresonant and in saturable media. In particular, thin material slabs (up to several pulse widths τ) are considered, and although the results are more generally applicable, special attention is given to a typical saturable-absorber jet in a colliding-pulse mode-locked laser. Results show that CPPM in nonresonant media causes noticeable effects on the chirp, both for thin slabs with L ≈ laser wavelength, where the coherence of the pulses leads to interference effects, and for thicker slabs with L ≈ cτ. Complications to CPPM by saturable media are discussed, and it is shown that the consequences of dispersion by the ground-state population, and finite phase-relaxation time, may be important for short, low-energy pulses. The results show, for parameters typical of contemporary colliding-pulse mode-locked lasers, what conditions are favorable for short, stable pulse formation in solitonlike pulse shaping. It is also shown that there are conditions for which the pulses produced would be spread by any sign of group-velocity dispersion.