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Quantum and Semiclassical Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Intelligent photon states associated with the Holstein - Primakoff realization of theSU(1,1) Lie algebra

Christopher C. Gerry, R. Grobe

Published Feb 1, 1997• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the single-mode intelligent states associated with the Holstein - Primakoff realization of the SU(1,1) Lie algebra. These states can be shown to contract, under certain conditions, to the ordinary coherent or squeezed states in the limit of large Bargman index. We show that these states can have oscillatory photocount distributions, sub-Poissonian statistics and squeezing.

DOI
10.1088/1355-5111/9/1/005

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arXiv:quant-ph/9707009•Quantum and Semiclassical Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B•Dec 1, 1997•13 citations
We investigate the single-mode intelligent states associated with the Holstein - Primakoff realization of the SU(1,1) Lie algebra. These states can be shown to contract, under certain conditions, to the ordinary coherent or squeezed states in the limit of large Bargman index. We show that these states can have oscillatory photocount distributions, sub-Poissonian statistics and squeezing.
Statistical and phase properties and number-phase uncertainty relations are systematically investigated for photon states associated with the Holstein-Primakoff realization of the SU(1,1) Lie algebra. Perelomov's SU(1,1) coherent states and the eigenstates of the SU(1,1) lowering generator (the Barut-Girardello states) are discussed. A recently developed formalism, based on the antinormal ordering of exponential phase operators, is used for studying phase properties and number-phase uncertainty relations. This study shows essential differences between properties of the Barut-Girardello states and the SU(1,1) coherent states. The philophase states, defined as states with simple phase-state representations, relate the quantum description of the optical phase to the properties of the SU(1,1) Lie group. A modified Holstein-Primakoff realization is derived, and eigenstates of the corresponding lowering generator are discussed. These stares are shown to contract, in a proper limit, to the familiar Glauber coherent states.
Using the two-mode realization of the su(1,1) Lie algebra, we define new states that equalize the su(1,1) uncertainty relation. We refer to these as two-mode intelligent SU(1,1) states. Due to strong correlations between modes, these states exhibit nonclassical properties such as sub-Poissonian statistics, violations of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, squeezing in the superposition of the modes, and sum squeezing. We also study the phase distributions of the states and propose a mechanism by which they may be generated.
Generalized coherent states associated with SU(1,1) Lie algebra are reviewed. A state is called intelligent if it satisfies the strict equality in the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. The eigenvalue problem satisfied by intelligent states (IS) is solved. The IS associated with SU(1,1) Lie algebra are investigated. We have constructed some realizations for our results of IS, and some applications are discussed. Some nonclassical properties such as Glauber second-order correlation function, photon number distribution and squeezing are investigated.
Three basic properties (eigenstate, orbit and intelligence) of the canonical squeezed states (SS) are extended to the case of n arbitrary observables. The SS for n observables X i can be constructed as eigenstates of their linear complex combinations or as states which minimize the Robertson uncertainty relation. When X i close a Lie algebra L the generalized SS could also be introduced as orbit of Aut ( L C ). It is shown that for the nilpotent algebra h N the three generalizations are equivalent. For the simple su (1, 1) the family of eigenstates of uK - + vK + ( K ± being lowering and raising operators) is a family of ideal K 1 – K 2 SS, but it cannot be represented as an Aut ( su C (1, 1) orbit although the SU (1, 1) group related coherent states (CS) with symmetry are contained in it. Eigenstates | z, u, v, w ; k ⟩ of general combination of uK - + vK + + wK 3 the three generators K j of SU (1, 1) in the representations with Bargman index k = 1/2, 1, ... , and k = 1/4, 3/4 are constructed and discussed in greater detail. These are ideal SS for K 1,2,3 . In the case of the one mode realization of su (1, 1) the nonclassical properties (sub-Poissonian statistics, quadrature squeezing) of the generalized even CS | z, u, v ; + ⟩ are demonstrated. The states | z, u, v, w ; k = 1/4, 3/4 ⟩ can exhibit strong both linear and quadratic squeezing.
We discuss a scheme for generation of single-mode photon states associated with the two-photon realization of the SU(1,1) algebra. This scheme is based on the process of non-degenerate down-conversion with the signal prepared initially in the squeezed vacuum state and with a measurement of the photon number in one of the output modes. We focus on the generation and properties of single-mode SU(1,1) intelligent states which minimize the uncertainty relations for Hermitian generators of the group. Properties of the intelligent states are studied by using a `weak' extension of the analytic representation in the unit disc. Then we are able to obtain exact analytical expressions for expectation values describing quantum statistical properties of the SU(1,1) intelligent states. Attention is mainly devoted to the study of photon statistics and linear and quadratic squeezing.