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Chinese Physics Letters

Study of Dark-Hollow Beams Generated with Different Multimode Fibres

Zhao Cheng-Liang, Xuanhui Lu, Chen He

Published May 1, 2008• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A dark-hollow beam (DHB) is generated by a coupling of a single fundamental mode He–Ne laser beam with a misalignment multimode fibre (MMF) in a special way. Effects of the misalignment angle, diameter and length of the MMF are studied. The generated DHBs can be used for guiding and trapping of atoms, manipulating particles, or as optical tweezers.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/25/5/042

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jan 1, 1998•86 citations
A dark-hollow beam (DHB) is generated by a coupling of a single fundamental mode He–Ne laser beam with a misalignment multimode fibre (MMF) in a special way. Effects of the misalignment angle, diameter and length of the MMF are studied. The generated DHBs can be used for guiding and trapping of atoms, manipulating particles, or as optical tweezers.
One of the more promising proposals for guiding and focusing neutral atoms involves dark hollow laser beams. When the frequency of the laser is detuned to the blue of resonance, the dipole force the atoms feel in the light confines them to the dark core where the atoms can be transported with minimal interaction with the light. The ability of the all-light atom guides to transport large number of ultracold atoms for long distances without physical walls leads to the possibility of a versatile tool for atom lithography, atom interferometry, atomic spectroscopy as well as for transporting and manipulating Bose-Einstein condensates. Furthermore since the atoms transported in all-light atom guides do not come into contact with matter, they can in principle be used to transport antimatter as well. In this work a hollow beam atom tunnel is demonstrated by guiding magneto-optically trapped ultracold cesium atoms with a hollow core laser beam. The 1mm diameter diffractionless hollow beam used to construct the atom tunnel was generated from a TEM00 mode diode laser at 852 nm using a series of axicons and simple lenses. The axicon generated hollow beam has a dark core extended for most of its diameter and
Summary form only given. Hollow beams have attracted increasing interest in the field of laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Several groups have used different techniques to generate dark hollow beams (DHB). However, the experimental setups and techniques employed in most of the investigations so far, are rather sophisticated and need usually more than one beam. On the other hand, Bessel beams are easily obtained in practice with a quite simple experimental arrangement. Investigations on the dynamical interplay between superimposed Bessel beams (SBB) has been demonstrated recently theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, we propose a new and simple experimental scheme to produce a dark hollow beam for atom trapping purposes, using the interference pattern originated from two superimposed Bessel beams. We illustrate the propagation of a superposition of two Bessel beams with same amplitude and phase, generated by a quite simple setup made with two annular slits and a lens.
Summary form only given.We present a novel gravito-optical trap (GOT) consisting of a dark hollow-divergent laser beam (DHB) either from a collimated and focused doughnut beam or from the output beam of the LP/sub 01/ mode in a hollow optical fiber. The cold atoms are loaded into the DHB from a magneto-optical trap (MOT). As the atoms bounce in the DHB, they experience Sisyphus cooling and geometrical cooling induced by the blue detuned DHB and a very weak repumping beam propagating downward into the DHB. The coupling of the three-level atom and the DHB forms dressed states.
Summary form only given. In previous experiments we have guided excited state helium atoms through hollow optical fibres. We employ helium atoms in the metastable 2/sup 3/S/sub 1/ state, and utilise the 1083 nm transition to the 2/sup 3/P/sub 2/ state to manipulate the atomic trajectories. For these atom guiding experiments, metastable helium has the inherent advantages of near unity detection efficiency and low background counts, since metastable helium de-excites on collision with the fibre wall. We have manufactured hollow fibres with a range of dimensions, some of which support single optical mode propagation. The fibres consist of a narrow (few /spl mu/m) light guiding region around the hole, surrounded by a 20-30 /spl mu/m thick region of lower refractive index. Propagation of the lowest order mode has been observed, thereby indicating that a uniform evanescent field can be created on the inside fibre wall. In addition, excitation of the two orthogonal modes has been observed under slightly different input coupling conditions. The resulting output from the fibre yields a hollow optical beam which has the potential to funnel atoms into the fibre. The results of atom guiding experiments using these fibres are presented.
We analyze the optical potential for atom guidance in a dark hollow laser beam and compare it with that generated by the evanescent wave in a micrometer-sized hollow optical fiber. We calculate dependence of the optical potential on various parameters: radial position r, laser–atom detuning Δ, beam power P0, and propagation distance Z. We experimentally generated a dark hollow laser beam from a hollow optical fiber with a 7-μm hole diameter and obtained a coupling efficiency of ∼50% for the LP01 mode. Our study shows that a dark hollow laser beam can produce an optical potential deep enough to guide cold atoms from a magneto-optical trap.