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Frontiers in Optics

Stimulated Emission at Orange Wavelength in Cryogenically Cooled Pr3+-doped LiYF4

K. Hashimoto, T. Suzuki, F. Kannari

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spectroscopic properties of Pr3+-doped LiYF4 crystals at orange and red wavelength regions at cryogenically cooled temperature are studied. Stimulated emission at an orange wavelength (605nm) was observed without a resonator below 70K.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2005.jwa13

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 23, 2005•0 citations
We report on the first observation of low temperature pulsed blue and orange laser emissions in Pr3+:YAG. Furthermore, we compare these results with similar observations in YLiF4 and YAlO3 doped crystals. Pulsed laser oscillations were obtained in crystals with uncoated surfaces by direct excitation of one of the relevant Stark components of the 3P0, 3P1 or 3P2 states. A carefull spectroscopic analysis of all these systems allows to clearly identify the laser transitions as arising from the 3P0 metastable state, the lifetime of which has been measured using a nanosecond pumped dye laser.
The optical transition (3H4→1D2) of trivalent praseodymium embedded in crystalline matrices is a promising candidate for the realization of optically controlled quantum memories. This application requires a specific laser source emitting at 606 nm whose short-term linewidth is smaller than the linewidth of the considered ion, i.e., in the kHz range. Currently, this can only be addressed with a highly frequency stabilized dye laser [1]. In order to develop a simpler all-solid-state laser source suitable for coherent processing of Pr3+, we have explored Pr3+-doped fluoride materials which are well-known to offer a large range of available laser transitions in the visible spectrum ranging from blue to red [2] including an orange one around 600 nm, the pumping transitions lying in the blue between 445 and 480 nm. The recent developments of high power blue laser diodes emitting around 445 nm enable now the pumping of Pr-doped lasers in a compact setup. We present, here, the results we obtained with the diode pumping of a Pr3+:BaY2F8(Pr:BYF) crystal which emits at 607 nm.
We have investigated the fluorescent and stimulated emission properties of PrCl3 as a function of the pump laser wavelength, pump power, and temperature. The previously reported laser emission at 645.2 nm has been studied at 295°K and at lower temperatures. At low temperatures we have observed stimulated emission at three new wavelengths, 616.8, 529.8, and 489.2 nm. The linewidths and lifetimes of various optical transitions have been measured and related to the observed optical gain at the above wavelengths. We have also observed stimulated output in 1% Pr in LaCl3.
Near-UV excited-state absorption spectra obtained with a pulsed pump–probe technique were recorded in LiYF4:Pr3+ at 77 and at 8 K and revealed a detailed structure of the 4f2 1D2→4f5d and 4f2 (3P0+1I6)→4f5d optical transitions. These experimental results, together with those previously obtained at room temperature, are compared with the numerical predictions of a full calculation of the 4f5d sublevels and of the electric dipole transitions toward these sublevels from different states of the 4f2 configuration. The agreement is good, provided that the four adjustable parameters of the theory are taken as B20(5d)=7290 cm-1,B40(5d)=-14 900 cm-1,F0=60 557 cm-1, and 〈r〉fd=0.245 Å. The level structure of the 4f5d configuration of LiYF4:Pr3+ is shown to be dominated, as expected, by the crystal field coupling of the 5d electron but also, to a noticeable extent, by the spin–orbit coupling of the 4f electron and the Coulomb repulsion of both electrons. The former of these two interactions is somewhat more efficient than the latter in the low-energy part of the 4f5d configuration, i.e., in the spectral region where the largest amount of experimental data is currently available.
The paper presents the experimental results on temporal characteristics of coherent stimulated emission on the 3PO-3H6 transition of Pr3+ doped into the LaF3 matrix while turning the pumping frequency in the vicinity of 3H4-3PO transition. The stimulated emission was generated in the modes both with and without an external resonator. It was found that the emission duration could be up to 2 μs and consisted of train of spikes. Simultaneously the fluorescence emission was observed on the 3PO-3H4, 3H5j, 3H6, 3F2 transitions Pr3+, which also had a complicated temporal form.