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Physical Review A

Distributed quantum-information processing with fullerene-caged electron spins in distant nanotubes

Yong Hu, Wan Li Yang, Mang Feng, Jiangfeng Du

Published Aug 18, 2009• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a potentially practical scheme for quantum-information processing (QIP) with spatially distributed fullerene-caged electron spins using optical and microwave manipulations. Each doped fullerene located in a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube is embedded in a two-mode optical cavity. The caged spins have long decoherence time and the optical manipulation makes sure short operational time. Compared to the conventional QIP proposals involving an array of fullerene-caged electron spins based on nearest-neighbor coupling, our scheme corresponds to a network which could much reduce overhead in implementing distant qubits. We discuss the experimental feasibility and challenge based on currently available techniques and we show the possibility of high-fidelity operations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.022322

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We propose a potentially practical scheme for quantum-information processing (QIP) with spatially distributed fullerene-caged electron spins using optical and microwave manipulations. Each doped fullerene located in a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube is embedded in a two-mode optical cavity. The caged spins have long decoherence time and the optical manipulation makes sure short operational time. Compared to the conventional QIP proposals involving an array of fullerene-caged electron spins based on nearest-neighbor coupling, our scheme corresponds to a network which could much reduce overhead in implementing distant qubits. We discuss the experimental feasibility and challenge based on currently available techniques and we show the possibility of high-fidelity operations.
A potential quantum-information processor is proposed using an array of the endohedral fullerenes 15N@C60^{15}\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}15N@C60​ or 31P@C60^{31}\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}31P@C60​ contained in a single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The qubits are encoded in the nuclear spins of the doped atoms, while the electronic spins are used for initialization and readout, as well as for two-qubit operations.
We propose a potentially practical scheme, in combination with the Bell-state analyzer [X. L. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. A 73, 014301 (2006)], to generate Bell states for two electron spins confined, respectively, to two distant C60{\mathrm{C}}_{60}C60​ fullerenes. To this end, we consider the endohedral fullerenes staying in single-walled carbon nanotubes and employ auxiliary mobile electrons and selective microwave pulses. The application and the experimental feasibility of our scheme are discussed.
We propose two potentially practical schemes to carry out two-qubit quantum gates on endohedral fullerenes N@C60\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}N@C60​ or P@C60\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}P@C60​. The qubits are stored in electronic spin degrees of freedom of the doped atom N or P. By means of the magnetic dipolar coupling between two neighboring fullerenes, the two-qubit controlled-NOT gate and the two-qubit conditional phase gate are performed by selective microwave pulses assisted by the refocusing technique. We will discuss the necessary additional steps for the universality of our proposal. We will also show that our proposal is useful for both quantum gating and the readout of quantum information from the spin-based qubit state.
We consider the detection of the electron spin of a doped atom, i.e., nitrogen or phosphorus, caged in a fullerene by the currently available technique of the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM), which actually corresponds to the readout of a qubit in fullerene-based quantum computing. Under the conditions of polarized STM current and Coulomb blockade, we investigate the tunnelling matrix elements involving the exchange coupling between the tunnelling polarized electrons and the encapsulated polarized electron, and calculate the variation of the tunnelling current with respect to different orientations of the encapsulated electron spin. The experimental feasibility of our scheme is discussed taking account of some imperfect factors.
We propose two scalable methods for generation of cluster states with arrays of endohedral fullerenes N-15@C-60 residing in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using direct and indirect methods, respectively. The direct method makes use of a series of controlled-phase flip (CPF) gates by electron spin resonance pulses of selective frequencies and durations, where the CPF gates are realized by magnetic-dipole couplings between the electron spins of the nearest-neighbour fullerenes in SWCNTs. The indirect method resorts to auxiliary mobile electron as the flying qubit, which transfers quantum information from one site to another. This greatly releases the requirements for the distance between fullerenes in SWCNTs. The decoherence effect and experimental feasibility are also discussed based on currently available technology.
We propose to carry out two-qubit quantum gates with only one-step operations on endohedral fullerenes N@C60N@C_{60}N@C60​ or P@C60P@C_{60}P@C60​. The qubits are stored in electronic spin degrees of freedom of the doped atom NNN or PPP. By means of the magnetic dipolar coupling between two neighboring fullerenes, the two-qubit controlled-NOT gate is performed by a selective microwave pulse, and the two-qubit conditional phase gate is done by simultaneous radiation by two detuned microwaves. We will show that our proposal is useful for both quantum gating and the readout of quantum information from the spin-based qubit state.