arXiv:1002.4746 · Physical Review A

Quantum-information-processing architecture with endohedral fullerenes in a carbon nanotube

W. L. Yang, Zhen Xu, H. Wei, Mang Feng, Dieter Suter

Published Mar 5, 2010• 46 citations

Abstract

A potential quantum-information processor is proposed using an array of the endohedral fullerenes $^{15}\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ or $^{31}\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ contained in a single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The qubits are encoded in the nuclear spins of the doped atoms, while the electronic spins are used for initialization and readout, as well as for two-qubit operations.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.81.032303

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arXiv:1002.4746 · Physical Review A

Quantum-information-processing architecture with endohedral fullerenes in a carbon nanotube

W. L. Yang, Zhen Xu, H. Wei, Mang Feng, Dieter Suter

Published Mar 5, 2010• 46 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

A potential quantum-information processor is proposed using an array of the endohedral fullerenes

^{15}\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}

^{31}\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}

contained in a single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The qubits are encoded in the nuclear spins of the doped atoms, while the electronic spins are used for initialization and readout, as well as for two-qubit operations.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.81.032303

Related papers

Two-qubit gates between noninteracting qubits in endohedral-fullerene-based quantum computation

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We propose a scheme to implement the two-qubit gates between the nuclear spins of the encapsulated atoms in endohedral fullerenes $^{15}\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ or $^{31}\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ , within today's magnetic resonance techniques. Since there is no interaction between the nuclear spins, this scheme employs the electronic spins as medium and two swap operations are proposed to transfer the information between the nuclear spin $\frac{1}{2}$ and the electronic spin $\frac{3}{2}$ , and between two electronic spins $\frac{3}{2}$ . These two-qubit gates, along with the single-qubit rotation gates, compose a universal set of quantum gates in fullerene-based quantum computation.We propose a scheme to implement the two-qubit gates between the nuclear spins of the encapsulated atoms in endohedral fullerenes $^{15}\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ or $^{31}\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, within today's magnetic resonance techniques. Since there is no interaction between the nuclear spins, this scheme employs the electronic spins as medium and two swap operations are proposed to transfer the information between the nuclear spin $\frac{1}{2}$ and the electronic spin $\frac{3}{2}$, and between two electronic spins $\frac{3}{2}$. These two-qubit gates, along with the single-qubit rotation gates, compose a universal set of quantum gates in fullerene-based quantum computation.

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We propose to carry out two-qubit quantum gates with only one-step operations on endohedral fullerenes $N@C_{60}$ or $P@C_{60}$ . The qubits are stored in electronic spin degrees of freedom of the doped atom $N$ or $P$ . By means of the magnetic dipolar coupling between two neighboring fullerenes, the two-qubit controlled-NOT gate is performed by a selective microwave pulse, and the two-qubit conditional phase gate is done by simultaneous radiation by two detuned microwaves. We will show that our proposal is useful for both quantum gating and the readout of quantum information from the spin-based qubit state.We propose to carry out two-qubit quantum gates with only one-step operations on endohedral fullerenes $N@C_{60}$ or $P@C_{60}$. The qubits are stored in electronic spin degrees of freedom of the doped atom $N$ or $P$. By means of the magnetic dipolar coupling between two neighboring fullerenes, the two-qubit controlled-NOT gate is performed by a selective microwave pulse, and the two-qubit conditional phase gate is done by simultaneous radiation by two detuned microwaves. We will show that our proposal is useful for both quantum gating and the readout of quantum information from the spin-based qubit state.

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Physical Review AApr 24, 200299 citations

A potential quantum-information processor is proposed using an array of the endohedral fullerenes

^{15}\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}

^{31}\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}

We propose a scheme to implement the two-qubit gates between the nuclear spins of the encapsulated atoms in endohedral fullerenes

^{15}\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}

^{31}\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}

, within today's magnetic resonance techniques. Since there is no interaction between the nuclear spins, this scheme employs the electronic spins as medium and two swap operations are proposed to transfer the information between the nuclear spin

\frac{1}{2}

and the electronic spin

\frac{3}{2}

, and between two electronic spins

\frac{3}{2}

. These two-qubit gates, along with the single-qubit rotation gates, compose a universal set of quantum gates in fullerene-based quantum computation.

We propose to carry out two-qubit quantum gates with only one-step operations on endohedral fullerenes

N@C_{60}

P@C_{60}

. The qubits are stored in electronic spin degrees of freedom of the doped atom

N

P

. By means of the magnetic dipolar coupling between two neighboring fullerenes, the two-qubit controlled-NOT gate is performed by a selective microwave pulse, and the two-qubit conditional phase gate is done by simultaneous radiation by two detuned microwaves. We will show that our proposal is useful for both quantum gating and the readout of quantum information from the spin-based qubit state.

We present a scheme to perform universal quantum computation using global addressing techniques as applied to a physical system of endohedrally doped fullerenes. The system consists of an

\mathcal{ABAB}

linear array of group-V endohedrally doped fullerenes. Each molecule spin site consists of a nuclear spin coupled via a hyperfine interaction to an electron spin. The electron spin of each molecule is in a quartet ground state

S=3/2.

Neighboring molecular electron spins are coupled via a magnetic dipole interaction. We find that an all-electron construction of a quantum cellular automaton is frustrated due to the degeneracy of the electronic transitions. However, we can construct a quantum-cellular-automata quantum computing architecture using these molecules by encoding the quantum information on the nuclear spins while using the electron spins as a local bus. We deduce the NMR and ESR pulses required to execute the basic cellular automaton operation and obtain a rough figure of merit for the number of gate operations per decoherence time. We find that this figure of merit compares well with other physical quantum computer proposals. We argue that the proposed architecture meets well the first four DiVincenzo criteria and we outline various routes toward meeting the fifth criterion: qubit readout.

We propose two potentially practical schemes to carry out two-qubit quantum gates on endohedral fullerenes

\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}

\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}

. The qubits are stored in electronic spin degrees of freedom of the doped atom N or P. By means of the magnetic dipolar coupling between two neighboring fullerenes, the two-qubit controlled-NOT gate and the two-qubit conditional phase gate are performed by selective microwave pulses assisted by the refocusing technique. We will discuss the necessary additional steps for the universality of our proposal. We will also show that our proposal is useful for both quantum gating and the readout of quantum information from the spin-based qubit state.

We propose a scalable design for a solid-state spin-based quantum computer. It uses endohedral fullerenes like

\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60}

\mathrm{P}@{\mathrm{C}}_{60},

which can be positioned on Si surfaces with a scanning tunneling microscope. Each logical qubit is stored in two physical qubits, corresponding to the nuclear and electronic spins. We discuss the addressing of individual qubits by a magnetic field gradient, and the implementation of one- and two-qubit quantum gates by sequences of radio-frequency and microwave pulses.