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IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

Optical lattice clock

Hidetoshi Katori, Masao Takamoto, Ryoichi Higashi, Feng-Lei Hong

Published Nov 8, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the precision spectroscopy of the 5s/sup 2/ /sup 1/S/sub o/(F=9/2)-5s5p /sup 3/P/sub o/(F=9/2) clock transition of /sup 87/Sr atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice and discuss its prospects as a future optical clock.
DOI
10.1109/leosst.2005.1528000

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We report on the spectroscopy of the $5{s}^{2}\text{ }^{1}S_{0}(F=9/2)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\text{ }^{3}P_{0}(F=9/2)$ clock transition of 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r}87Sr atoms (natural linewidth of 1 mHz) trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Recoilless transitions with a linewidth of 0.7 kHz as well as the vibrational structure of the lattice potential were observed. By investigating the wavelength dependence of the carrier linewidth, we determined the magic wavelength, where the light shift in the clock transition vanishes, to be $813.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\text{ }\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}$.
An ultrastable optical clock based on neutral atoms trapped in an optical lattice is proposed. Complete control over the light shift is achieved by employing the 5s(2) 1S0-->5s5p 3P0 transition of 87Sr atoms as a "clock transition." Calculations of ac multipole polarizabilities and dipole hyperpolarizabilities for the clock transition indicate that the contribution of the higher-order light shifts can be reduced to less than 1 mHz, allowing for a projected accuracy of better than 10(-17).
We present detailed analyses of our recent experiment on the three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice clock with bosonic 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr atoms in which the collisional frequency shift was suppressed by applying a single-occupancy lattice. Frequency shifts in magnetically induced spectroscopy on the 1S0−−3P0{}^{1}{S}_{0}--{}^{3}{P}_{0}1S0​−−3P0​ clock transition ($\ensuremath{\lambda}=698$ nm) of 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr were experimentally investigated by referencing a one-dimensional (1D) lattice clock based on spin-polarized 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}87Sr atoms. We discuss that the clock stability is limited by the current laser stability as well as the experimental sequence of the clock operation, which may be improved to ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{y}(\ensuremath{\tau})=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}/\sqrt{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ by optimizing the cycle time of the clock operation.
We present experimental results for an optical lattice clock operating on the1S0harr3P0transition in88Sr, which is excited with the technique of magnetic field-induced spectroscopy To reduce the complexity of the setup we have developed a set of new experimental techniques that greatly simplifies the clock spectroscopy in Sr atoms. First, we developed a method for finding the clock transition that removes the need for extensive frequency metrology hardware and optical frequency combs. This technique exploits a near coincidence in the atomic wavelengths of the1S0harr3P0clock and1S0harr3P1second stage cooling transitions in Sr, which are only 5 THz far apart. This coincidence enables the use of an optical (transfer) cavity to reference the frequency of the clock transition relative to that of the much stronger coolign transition Second, all laser sources in the experimental setup are based on semiconductor technology, which greatly reduces the complexity of the apparatus. With this setup, about 10488Sr atoms are trapped in a 1D lattice formed by 200 mW of radiation tuned near the magic wavelength at 813 nm. Preliminar uncertainty budget for our optical lattice clock is also presented, with particular attention to density dependent collisions, which led to an unexpectedly high signal contrast for long interaction times.