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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Photon-number noise reduction from a nonlinear fiber-loop mirror

Stefan Schmitt, Friedrich König, B. Mikulla, Stefan J. Spalter, Andreas Sizmann, Gerd Leuchs

Published Nov 27, 2002• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given.Nonlinear unbalanced antiresonant ring interferometers have been proposed to provide various optical functions. The nonlinear optical-loop mirror (NOLM) is such an unbalanced fiber interferometer for ultrafast all-optical processing. Recently, it was suggested that the nonlinear input-output behavior of this device might also deamplify photon-number noise of coherent pulses below the shot-noise limit. Here, we present experimental evidence for directly detectable squeezing from a NOLM.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.1998.680399

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Summary form only given.Nonlinear unbalanced antiresonant ring interferometers have been proposed to provide various optical functions. The nonlinear optical-loop mirror (NOLM) is such an unbalanced fiber interferometer for ultrafast all-optical processing. Recently, it was suggested that the nonlinear input-output behavior of this device might also deamplify photon-number noise of coherent pulses below the shot-noise limit. Here, we present experimental evidence for directly detectable squeezing from a NOLM.
Direct photon-number squeezing is demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, in a nonlinear fiber-optic interferometer. Launching 126-fs solitons into a highly asymmetric Sagnac loop, the maximum photocurrent noise reduction was $3.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\mathrm{dB}$ below shot noise, corresponding to $6.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\mathrm{dB}$, when corrected for linear losses. The loop is a model system for squeezing generated by the interference of two pulses after nonlinear propagation through a fiber.
A perturbation approach is used to study the quantum noise of optical solitons in an asymmetric fiber Sagnac interferometer (a highly transmissive nonlinear optical loop mirror). Analytical expressions for the three second-order quadrature correlators are derived and used to predict the amount of detectable amplitude squeezing along with the optimum power-splitting ratio of the Sagnac interferometer. We find that it is the number-phase correlation owing to the Kerr nonlinearity that is primarily responsible for the observable noise reduction. The group-velocity dispersion affecting the field in the nonsoliton arm of the fiber interferometer is shown to limit the minimum achievable Fano factor.
We analyze numerically the generation of photon-number squeezed light using an asymmetric fiber loop mirror. For photon-number squeezed light generation, the maximum squeezing can be obtained using this method. The evolution of the quantum noise for the optical pulse spectra is calculated using the quantized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and linearization approximation. It is shown that the squeezed light is generated by removing the increased quantum noise part of the spectrum and enhancing the decreased quantum noise part of the spectrum, by the interference of two pulses at the beam splitter. Although the mechanism of squeezing is similar to that of a spectral filter, the maximum squeezing is as large as -13 dB due to the interference.
The photon-number squeezed light generation using a nonlinear polarization interferometer (NOPI) is analyzed numerically. The NOPI is constructed by the cascade connection of 90 degree twisted couple of polarization-maintaining fibers. Since it is possible to generate photon-number squeezed light by only passing an optical pulse through an optical fiber without spatial alignment, the squeezed light can be generated easily and stably in this scheme. The evolution of the quantum noise for the optical pulse spectra is calculated using the quantized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and linearization approximation. The magnitude of maximum squeezing in the numerical analysis is estimated to be about —13 dB. Since the arbitrary dividing ratio and two outputs can be obtained by merely turning the half-wave plates on the input and output side, photonnumber squeezed light can be generated for the broad input and output power ranges. It is clarified that the generation mechanism is contrastive for the turning direction of half-wave plate on the output.