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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems

Analysis of Photon-Number Squeezed Light Generation Using Nonlinear Polarization Interferometer.

Junichi Higuchi, Norihiko Nishizawa, Masakazu Mori, Ryousuke Goto, Kazuo Yamane, Toshio Goto

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The photon-number squeezed light generation using a nonlinear polarization interferometer (NOPI) is analyzed numerically. The NOPI is constructed by the cascade connection of 90 degree twisted couple of polarization-maintaining fibers. Since it is possible to generate photon-number squeezed light by only passing an optical pulse through an optical fiber without spatial alignment, the squeezed light can be generated easily and stably in this scheme. The evolution of the quantum noise for the optical pulse spectra is calculated using the quantized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and linearization approximation. The magnitude of maximum squeezing in the numerical analysis is estimated to be about —13 dB. Since the arbitrary dividing ratio and two outputs can be obtained by merely turning the half-wave plates on the input and output side, photonnumber squeezed light can be generated for the broad input and output power ranges. It is clarified that the generation mechanism is contrastive for the turning direction of half-wave plate on the output.

DOI
10.1541/ieejeiss.123.440

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The photon-number squeezed light generation using a nonlinear polarization interferometer (NOPI) is analyzed numerically. The NOPI is constructed by the cascade connection of 90 degree twisted couple of polarization-maintaining fibers. Since it is possible to generate photon-number squeezed light by only passing an optical pulse through an optical fiber without spatial alignment, the squeezed light can be generated easily and stably in this scheme. The evolution of the quantum noise for the optical pulse spectra is calculated using the quantized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and linearization approximation. The magnitude of maximum squeezing in the numerical analysis is estimated to be about —13 dB. Since the arbitrary dividing ratio and two outputs can be obtained by merely turning the half-wave plates on the input and output side, photonnumber squeezed light can be generated for the broad input and output power ranges. It is clarified that the generation mechanism is contrastive for the turning direction of half-wave plate on the output.
We propose a new scheme of photon-number squeezed light generation using a nonlinear polarization interferometer which is constructed by the cascade connection of two polarization-maintaining fibers. Since it is possible to generate photon-number squeezed light by only passing an optical pulse through an optical fiber without spatial alignment, it is expected that the squeezed light can easily and stably be generated in this scheme. The magnitude of maximum squeezing in the numerical analysis is estimated to be about -13 dB. Since the arbitrary dividing ratio and two outputs can be obtained by merely turning the half-wave plates on the input and output side, photon-number squeezed light can be generated for the broad input and output power ranges.
We demonstrate the generation of squeezed vacuum using a wavelength-tunable soliton pulse and nonlinear polarization interferometer (NOPI). Since the soliton pulse is ideal for squeezed vacuum generation and the wavelength of the soliton pulse can be tuned easily, it is expected that we can demonstrate large squeezing over a wide wavelength range. Using NOPI, since it is possible to generate squeezed light by only passing the optical pulse through the optical fiber without spatial alignment, the squeezed light can be generated easily and stably. A maximum noise reduction of -2.46 dB below shot noise level was observed. Considering the effect of quantum efficiency, the corresponding magnitude of squeezing is estimated to be -4.22 dB. The squeezing was observed when the center wavelengths were 1625 nm and 1650 nm.
We analyze numerically the generation of photon-number squeezed light using an asymmetric fiber loop mirror. For photon-number squeezed light generation, the maximum squeezing can be obtained using this method. The evolution of the quantum noise for the optical pulse spectra is calculated using the quantized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and linearization approximation. It is shown that the squeezed light is generated by removing the increased quantum noise part of the spectrum and enhancing the decreased quantum noise part of the spectrum, by the interference of two pulses at the beam splitter. Although the mechanism of squeezing is similar to that of a spectral filter, the maximum squeezing is as large as -13 dB due to the interference.
Squeezed vacuum generation is demonstrated using an ultrashort pulse fiber laser and a symmetric nonlinear polarization interferometer (NOPI). In this system, the squeezed vacuum can be generated only by passing the ultrashort pulse along the optical fiber. Noise reduction of -1.7 dB below shot noise level is observed. Considering the effect of quantum efficiency in this system, the corresponding magnitude of squeezing is estimated to be -2.7 dB. The system is constructed with all fiber devices and is compact, stable, and useful for practical applications.
Squeezed light, which is easily degraded by loss, could benefit from generation directly in optical fiber. Furthermore, highly nonlinear fiber could offer more efficient generation with lower pump power and shorter fiber lengths than standard single-mode fiber. We investigate non-polarization-maintaining highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) for squeezed-light generation by characterizing possible sources of excess noise, including its zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) variation and polarization noise. We find significant ZDW variation and excess polarization noise. We believe the polarization noise is from non-linear polarization-mode dispersion. We model this polarization noise and find that it is likely to degrade Kerr squeezing but not squeezing from four-wave mixing.