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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Guiding of metastable neon atoms in hollow-core optical fibers

G. Workurka, Jochen Keupp, K. Sengstock

Published Nov 27, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given.For a deBroglie wavelength of sufficiently cold atoms exceeding the dimensions of the hollow diameter, the propagation of quantized atomic modes like optical modes in conventional light fibers is expected. Hollow-core optical fibers therefore offer interesting perspectives for miniaturized atom optical devices. We believe we report on the first guiding of metastable rare-gas atoms inside fibers by means of dipole forces.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.1998.680492

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Summary form only given.For a deBroglie wavelength of sufficiently cold atoms exceeding the dimensions of the hollow diameter, the propagation of quantized atomic modes like optical modes in conventional light fibers is expected. Hollow-core optical fibers therefore offer interesting perspectives for miniaturized atom optical devices. We believe we report on the first guiding of metastable rare-gas atoms inside fibers by means of dipole forces.
We use evanescent laser light to guide atoms through hollow-core optical fibers. The light, detuned to the blue side of rubidium's D2{D}_{2}D2​ resonance lines, is launched into the glass region of a hollow capillary fiber and guided through the fiber by total internal reflection from the glass walls. Atoms interacting with the evanescent component of the field are repelled from the wall and guided through the fiber hollow. A second laser tuned to the red side of resonance is used to initially inject the atoms into the evanescent guide. An optical intensity threshold for guiding is observed as the evanescent-field-induced dipole forces exceed the van der Waals forces.
We have used optical forces to guide atoms through hollow-core optical fibers. Laser light is launched into the hollow region of a glass capillary fiber and guided by grazing-incidence reflection from the walls. When the laser is detuned 1--30 GHz red of the Rb D2 resonance lines, dipole forces attract atoms to the high-intensity region along the axis and guide them through the fiber. We show that atoms may be guided around bends in the fiber and that in initial experiments the atoms experience up to 18 reflections from the potential walls with minimal loss.
Summary form only given. We present a theoretical model aimed at interpreting our experiments on optical guiding of neutral atoms through hollow-core fibers. We present calculations of the atomic flux of atoms guided through a fiber and investigate its dependence on the intensity of the laser light, detuning from the resonance and the fiber bend radius. For relatively short and/or large-diameter fibers the contribution of the nonconservative force is negligible and the experimental results are well described by the conservative contribution. In the opposite limit we find a clear signature of the viscous heating force manifested in the appearance of additional maxima in the dependence of the flux on the detuning and in the decrease of the flux with laser intensity.
Laser-cooled atoms from a low-velocity atomic source are guided in a hollow-core optical fiber using the evanescent-wave dipole force from blue-detuned laser light launched into the glass region of the fiber. The transverse velocity of the guided atoms corresponds to a temperature of $50 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}.$ We achieve a maximum flux through a 23.5-cm-long fiber of 590 000 atoms/second with a laser power of 55 mWatts at a detuning of 6 GHz. With larger detunings of 40 GHz, spontaneous emission from the atoms inside the fiber can be suppressed and the atom's internal-state population is preserved. We identify two major loss mechanisms for the guiding process and discuss possible solutions.
A relatively new method of atomic DeBroglie wave transmission in a hollow single mode optical fiber is presented. A slightly blue-detuned, from the atomic resonance, optical evanescent wave in the ring core of the capillary optical fiber creates a potential barrier for co-propagating or counter-propagating DeBroglie wave. The applied optical wavelength, associated with the used atomic transitions, was in the range 1100-400nm. Excited, metastable atoms of chromium, rubidium, cesium, helium, alkalis, etc., were transmitted in the capillary optical fiber. Initially the transmission was multimode and then single mode, with increasing efficiency. There are considered initial application perspectives of this transmission technology of DeBroglie wave for building of coherent cold sources of atoms, atom interferometers, and devices of the inverse lithography, which may possibly compete with the short-wave photo-lithography. The paper is a tutorial and has a teaching and technology review character.