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Direct observation of cooperative upconversion mechanisms in erbium-doped fibre amplifiers

C.C. Ye, P.R. Morkel, Elizabeth R. M. Taylor, D.N. Payne

Published Jan 1, 1993• 6 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

By examining upconversion fluorescence in Er3+-doped fibres, ion-pair upconversion and uniform upconversion have been directly and separately observed. An upper limit for the ion-pair lifetime has been determined.

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The upconversion processes in erbium doped sol-gel SiO2are studied. The photoluminescence was measured for selected sol-gel samples and compared with the results of the rate equation model. The results show that the presence of cooperative upconversion processes in erbium doped materials can be easily verified experimentally by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum.

International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD)•Sep 1, 2011•0 citations
Multiphoton and cooperative upconversion excitation of Er3+ ions has been studied in two Er3+/Ge-doped optical fibers with different Er3+ concentrations by using 120-fs pulses at 1.51 μm. In the case of high Er3+ concentration it is demonstrated that the excitation of the excited levels is dominated by cooperative upconversion, whereas multiphoton absorption is mainly responsible for the excitation of the excited levels in the case of low Er3+ concentration. Lifetimes of the excited levels are measured to lie between 1 and 10 μs.
An important channel for upconversion relies on absorption of pump photons from excited states populated by pair upconversion. In previous1 pulsed-Er upconversion lasers, this cubic contribution was small, because short excitation pulses were used, restricting ions from undergoing the slow first step of upconversion by this channel during the pulse-limiting upconversion to entirely multi-atom processes. However, cw excitation can maintain populations in upconverted states by pair processes, and direct absorption from such states may be important.
We report measurements of the metastable state lifetime in a high-concentration erbium-doped fiber. We use a single-wavelength pump-probe technique that allows us to measure the average lifetime over the entire fiber length. A reduction in the lifetime of approximately 20% caused by a cooperative upconversion effect is clearly observed when the input power is increased up to 10 mW. The input power dependence of the lifetime is analyzed using a simple model. The cooperative upconversion coefficient is determined based on this analysis.