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Selection rules for optical and spin transitions in single N-V centers in diamond

Thiago P. Mayer Alegre, Charles Santori, Gilberto Medeiros‐Ribeiro, Raymond G. Beausoleil

Published May 14, 2007• 0 citations
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The spin states of the nitrogen vacancy ( NV − ) center in diamond are used in, among others, quantum computing, nanoscale imaging, and magnetic field sensing, and have been proposed for fundamental physics experiments. The states of NV − centers are traditionally measured using the spin-state-dependent photoluminescence—a destructive and often inefficient measurement scheme. In this article, using a single laser beam as a pump and a probe, we measure the spin states of the NV − centers nondestructively using the Faraday effect at room temperature. Using the optical selection rules and the helicity-dependent absorption, we identify the optical transitions of the NV − center responsible for the Faraday effect and confirm the existence of spin-orbit coupling in such centers at room temperature. Our results indicate that experiments such as NV spin-photon entanglement and electromagnetically induced transparency are viable in ambient conditions. Finally, using the Faraday effect, we develop a magnetic field sensor and argue that, with the inclusion of an optical cavity, a femtotesla-level magnetic field sensitivity can be achieved.

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The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is promising as an electron spin qubit due to its long-lived coherence and optical addressability. The ground state is a spin triplet with two levels $({m}_{s}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)$ degenerate at zero magnetic field. Polarization-selective microwave excitation is an attractive method to address the spin transitions independently since this allows operation down to zero magnetic field. Using a resonator designed to produce circularly polarized microwaves, we have investigated the polarization selection rules of the NV center. We first apply this technique to NV ensembles in [100]- and [111]-oriented samples. Next, we demonstrate an imaging technique, based on optical polarization dependence, which allows rapid identification of the orientations of many single NV centers. Finally, we test the microwave polarization selection rules of individual NV centers of known orientation.
The spin states of the nitrogen vacancy ( NV − ) center in diamond are used in, among others, quantum computing, nanoscale imaging, and magnetic field sensing, and have been proposed for fundamental physics experiments. The states of NV − centers are traditionally measured using the spin-state-dependent photoluminescence—a destructive and often inefficient measurement scheme. In this article, using a single laser beam as a pump and a probe, we measure the spin states of the NV − centers nondestructively using the Faraday effect at room temperature. Using the optical selection rules and the helicity-dependent absorption, we identify the optical transitions of the NV − center responsible for the Faraday effect and confirm the existence of spin-orbit coupling in such centers at room temperature. Our results indicate that experiments such as NV spin-photon entanglement and electromagnetically induced transparency are viable in ambient conditions. Finally, using the Faraday effect, we develop a magnetic field sensor and argue that, with the inclusion of an optical cavity, a femtotesla-level magnetic field sensitivity can be achieved.