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SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC)

Simulation of quantum-cryptographic B92 protocol in the plug and play system

Rubens Viana Ramos, Rubens Souza

Published Nov 14, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We performed a simulation of the quantum cryptographic B92 protocol, using coherent continuum states, in the plug and play system. We observed fluctuations of the mean photon number in the pulses that arrive at the receiver, introduced by the statistical property of the simulation. This fluctuation simulates the presence of a classical noise source in the system that occurs in practical systems.

DOI
10.1109/sbmomo.2001.1008741

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We performed a simulation of the quantum cryptographic B92 protocol, using coherent continuum states, in the plug and play system. We observed fluctuations of the mean photon number in the pulses that arrive at the receiver, introduced by the statistical property of the simulation. This fluctuation simulates the presence of a classical noise source in the system that occurs in practical systems.
The continuum states formalism is suitable for field quantization in optical fibre; however, they are harder to use than discrete states. On the other hand, a Hermitian phase operator can be defined only in a finite dimensional space. We approximated a coherent continuum state by a finite tensor product of coherent states, each one defined in a finite dimensional space. Using this, in the correct limit, we were able to obtain some statistical properties of the photon number and phase of the continuum coherent states from the probability density functions of the individual, finite dimensional, coherent states. Then, we performed a simulation of the BB84 protocol, using the continuum coherent states, in a fibre interferometer commonly used in quantum cryptography. We observed the fluctuations of the mean photon number in the pulses that arrive at Bob, which occurs in the practical system, introduced by the statistical property of the simulation.
We have recently constructed a fiber-optic “plug and play” quantum cryptography system as shown in Fig.1, wherein a Faraday-Mirror was used to compensate the polarization mode dispersion and phase drifts. It worked at 1550 nm and was based on the B92 protocol[1]. We have achieved stable quantum key distribution in a standard telecom fiber with different working-distances of 10, 25 and 50 km, respectively, by using some specifically developed techniques to guarantee long-term stability of our system, such as polarization-independent phase-modulation for stable phase encoding and decoding, hybrid coincidence for efficient detection of single photons with coincidence-gated quenching of the single-photon detectors followed by coincident counting of the avalanche signals, and synchronized detection of single-photon pulses by coincidence counting gated with proper delay and width. These unique techniques greatly enhanced the fringe visibility of single-photon interference. And we have also demonstrated the application of our system in cryptographic communication by sending coded pictures from Alice to Bob using the sifted quantum keys.
Performing complex cryptographic tasks will be an essential element in future quantum communication networks. These tasks are based on a handful of fundamental primitives, such as coin flipping, where two distrustful parties wish to agree on a randomly generated bit. Although it is known that quantum versions of these primitives can offer information-theoretic security advantages with respect to classical protocols, a demonstration of such an advantage in a practical communication scenario has remained elusive. Here, we experimentally implement a quantum coin flipping protocol that performs strictly better than classically possible over a distance suitable for communication over metropolitan area optical networks. The implementation is based on a practical plug&play system, designed for quantum key distribution. We also show how to combine our protocol with coin flipping protocols that are almost perfectly secure against bounded adversaries, hence enhancing them with a level of information-theoretic security. Our results offer a powerful toolbox for future secure quantum communications.
Quantum Cryptography (QKD) uses the laws of Quantum Mechanics to create new cryptographic primitives.Precisely, this technique is based on two laws of quantum mechanics, namely uncertainty principle and no-cloning theorem.The best known QKD is the BB84 protocol published by Bennett and Brassard in 1984.Since then, various QKD protocols have been developed for example a B92 protocol.This latter is similar to that of BB84but this time using only two non-orthogonal states of the four states of BB84.In this work, we develop the java simulation B92 protocol and we give some details of the implementation.Next, we show by an example how Alice (Initiator) can configure the protocol parameters before execution.Finally, we give the statistical results allowing to compare this protocol with that of BB84.