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International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks

Implementation of Plug & Play Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

Byungkyu Ahn, Jinyoung Ha, Youngjin Seo, Jun Heo, Jeonghwan Shin, Kyungwoon Lee

Published Jul 1, 2018• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper represents an experimental implementation of the “Two way Plug & play” quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, which uses weak coherent pulses at a single photon level to transfer key information from Alice to Bob via the quantum channel. In this experiment, we applied the 25km optical fiber channel and the results show a quantum bit error rate (QBER) of about 3%.

DOI
10.1109/icufn.2018.8436633

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This paper represents an experimental implementation of the “Two way Plug & play” quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, which uses weak coherent pulses at a single photon level to transfer key information from Alice to Bob via the quantum channel. In this experiment, we applied the 25km optical fiber channel and the results show a quantum bit error rate (QBER) of about 3%.
We have implemented an experimental setup in order to demonstrate the feasibility of time-coding protocols for quantum key distribution. Alice produces coherent 20-ns faint pulses of light at 853 nm. They are sent to Bob with delay 0 ns (encoding bit 0) or 10 ns (encoding bit 1). Bob directs at random the received pulses to two different arms. In the first one, a 300 ps resolution Si photon counter allows Bob to precisely measure the detection times of each photon in order to establish the key. Comparing them with the emission times of the pulses sent by Alice allows one to evaluate the quantum bit error rate (QBER). The minimum obtained QBER is 1.62%. The possible loss of coherence in the setup can be exploited by Eve to eavesdrop the line. Therefore, the second arm of Bob setup is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a 10 ns propagation delay between the two paths. Contrast measurement of the output beams allows one to measure the autocorrelation function of the received pulses that characterizes their average coherence. In the case of an ideal setup, the value expected with the pulses sent by Alice is 0.576. The experimental value of the pulses autocorrelation function is found to be 0.541. Knowing the resulting loss of coherence and the measured QBER, one can evaluate the mutual information between Alice and Eve and the mutual information between Alice and Bob, in the case of intercept-resend attacks and in the case of attacks with intrication. With our values, Bob has an advantage on Eve of 0.43 bit per pulse. The maximum possible QBER corresponding to equal informations for Bob and Eve is 5.8%. With the usual attenuation of fibres at 850 nm, it shows that secure key distribution is possible up to a distance of 2.75 km, which is sufficient for local links.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) has emerged as a revolutionary technique that can ensure unconditionally secure communication between two distant parties, referred to as Alice and Bob, by exploiting the fundamental principles of quantum physics. Here, we report experimental demonstration of a fully automated QKD system based on the BB84 protocol. A weak coherent pulse source is developed to generate stream of polarization encoded single photons. Our QKD system demonstrates a low QBER of ∼1.2% with sifted key generation rate of ∼70 Kbps at an average photon number per pulse ofμ=0.11\mu=0.11μ=0.11. The final secure key rate of ∼33 Kbps is achieved after performing post processing procedures viz. error correction and privacy amplification. The quantum communication link is established continuously for several hours and the performance is evaluated iteratively. The developed QKD system is shown to have the capability of distributing cryptographic keys securely and seamlessly, under practical operating conditions. Furthermore, we have successfully demonstrated unconditionally secure transmission and reception of an image between Alice and Bob connected over an unsecured public channel by utilizing quantum cryptography.
We report on the early-stage development of a fiber-based quantum key distribution (QKD) testbed using attenuated laser pulses designed to operate under the Coherent-One-Way protocol with decoy-state preparation, reaching photon levels(μ)(\mu)(μ)in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 photons/pulse through intensity modulation. In Coherent One Way (COW) protocol, logical bits are encoded in the temporal position of weak coherent pulses, and quantum coherence between successive pulses is monitored to detect eavesdropping. Single-photon detection is achieved with InGaAs SPADs, and calibrated attenuation ensures sub-photon regimes. This setup enables the study of channel loss, error rates, and secure key generation under realistic conditions.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been developed within the last decade that is provably secure against arbitrary computing power, and even against quantum computer attacks. Now there is a strong need of research to exploit this technology in the existing communication networks. In this paper we have presented various experimental results pertaining to QKD like Raw key rate and Quantum bit error rate (QBER). We found these results over 25 km single mode optical fiber. The experimental setup implemented the enhanced version of BB84 QKD protocol. Based upon the results obtained, we have presented a network design which can be implemented for the realization of large scale QKD networks. Furthermore, several new ideas are presented and discussed to integrate the QKD technique in the classical communication networks.