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Physical Review A

Cross-section measurement for the energy pooling collisions: Cd(5p3P1)+Cd(5p3P1)→Cd(5d3DJ)+Cd(5s1S0)

Simone Barsotti, F. Fuso, Andreas F. Molisch, M. Allegrini

Published Mar 1, 1998• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Energy pooling collisions of two cadmium atoms in the state $5s5p{}^{3}{P}_{1}$ have been investigated under pulsed laser excitation and cross sections have been measured for the production of atoms in the $5s5d{}^{3}{D}_{J}$ states. We have obtained the values $(1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$, $(1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$, and $(0.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ cm${}^{2}$ for $J=1,2,3$, respectively. The effects of the radiation trapping phenomenon, important both in the cross-section determination and in the evaluation of the Cd atom density in the sealed cell used in the experiment, have been taken into account through numerical solutions of the radiation diffusion equation in the specific conditions of our experiment.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.1778

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Energy pooling collisions in pure cadmium vapors

S. Barsotti, F. Fuso, A. F. Molisch +1 more

We have investigated energy pooling processes in pure Cadmium vapors excited by a pulsed laser beam resonant with the Cd(51S0)→Cd(53P1) intercombination transition. Starting from the measured fluorescence intensities, we have determined the cross sections for the processes populating the 53Dj levels using a rate equation system and accounting for the radiation trapping phenomenon.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1997•0 citations

Energy-pooling collisions in rubidium:5P_J+5P_J′→5S+5D_J″

Yifan Shen

An experimental study of rubidium energy pooling collisions,5P_J+5P_J′→5S+5D_J″,at thermal energies,has been carried out in a cell.Atoms were excited to either the 5P_1/2 or 5P_3/2 state using a single-mode diode laser.The excited-atom density and spatial distribution were mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode diode laser beam,tuned to either 5P_1/2→5D_3/2,5P_3/2→7S_1/2 transition,which could be translated parallel to the pump beam.The excited atom densities are combined with measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross sections for the rubidium energy pooling process 5P_J+5P_J′→5S+5D_J″.Two tunable cw diode lasers were used to excite 5P_1/2 and 5P_3/2 respectively and the 5D_J″→5P_J fluorescence intensities were measured.For 5P_3/2+5P_1/2 collisions the cross sections for 5D_5/2,5D_3/2 are(1.12±0.50)×10~-14 and(1.01±0.45)×10~-14 cm~2,respectively.

Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations

Energy-Pooling Collisions in Rubidium: 5 P 3/2 +5 P 3/2 →5 S +( nl = 5 D ,7 S )

Shen Yi-Fan, Kang Dai, Baoxia Mu +2 more

We experimentally study rubidium energy pooling collisions of Rb(5 P 3/2 )+Rb(5 P 3/2 )→Rb(5 S 1/2 )+Rb ( nl J = 5 D J ,7 S 1/2 ) at low densities in a cell using diode laser excitation. The excited-atom density and spatial distribution are mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode diode laser beam, tuned to the 5 P 3/2 →7 S 1/2 transition, which could be translated parallel to the pump beam. The excited atom densities are combined with measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross sections for the rubidium energy pooling process. The cross sections for nl J being 5 D 5/2 , 5 D 3/2 , and 7 S 1/2 are (1.32±0.59) × 10 −14 , (1.18±0.53) × 10 −14 and (3.21±1.44) × 10 −15 cm 2 , respectively.

Chinese Physics Letters•Oct 27, 2005•13 citations

Resonance 2s-2p excitation of lithium in the Li + Cd system

Davorka Azinović, Slobodan Milošević, Goran Pichler

Using the resonance 2s-2p excitation of the Li atom in a lithium-cadmium vapour mixture we observed cadmium atoms excited to very high energy levels such as 6s 3 S 1 , 5d 3 D J and 6p 1 P 1 . As the main excitation process we propose radiative collisions between excited lithium and ground state cadmium atoms followed by an energy-pooling collision between Cd( 3 P J ) atoms. The temporal evolution of intensities of selected lithium and cadmium atomic lines is simulated using a system of rate equations. We estimated the rate coefficient for the radiative collision Li(2p) + Cd(5 1 S 0 ) + h ν 670.8 nm + Δ E →Li(2s) + Cd(5 3 P 0 ), to be 6×10 -10 cm 3 s -1 at T = 965 K.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Jun 25, 2001•2 citations

[Energy-pooling collisions of rubidium atoms: Rb (5P(J)) + Rb (5P(J))--> Rb (5S) + Rb (nl = 5D,7S)].

Baoxia Mu, Shuying Wang, Xiu-Hua Cui +4 more

An experimental study of rubidium energy pooling collisions, Rb(5P(J)) + Rb(5P(J))-->Rb(nlJ') + Rb(5S), at thermal energies, was carried out in a cell. Atoms were excited to either the 5P 1/2 or 5P 3/2 state using a single-mode diode laser. The excited atom density and spatial distribution were mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counter-propagating single-mode diode laser beam, tuned to either 5P 1/2-->5D 3/2 or 5P 3/2-->7S 1/2 transition, which could be translated parallel to the pump beam. The excited atom densities were combined with the measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross sections for the rubidium energy pooling process. For 5P 3/2 excitation the cross sections for nlJ' being 5D 5/2, 5D 3/2, and 7S 1/2 are (1.32+/-0.59) x 10(-14), (1.18+/-0.53) x 10(-14) and (3. 21+/-1. 44) x 10(-15) cm2, respectively. For 5P 1/2 excitation the cross sections for nlJ' being 5D 5/2 and 5D 3/2 are (6.57+/-2.96) x 10(-15), and (5.90+/-2.66) x 10(-15) cm2, respectively. The results were compared with those of other experiments.

•Sep 1, 2006•1 citation

[Experimental evaluation of the cross sections in Cs (6D(1/2)) + Cs(6S(1/2)) inelastic collisions].

Qi-cun Guo, Hongping Wu, Li-kui Kang +3 more

At a Cs density higher than 9 x 10(14) cm(-3), cesium vapor was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of radiation from an YAG-laser-pumped OPO laser, populating 6D(5/2) state by two-photon absorption. Energy transfer in Cs6(D(5/2)) + Cs (6S) collisions was studied using methods of atomic fluorescence. At the different Cs densities, we have measured the time-integrated intensities of the components and fitted a three-state rate equation model to obtain the cross sections. The experimental points were fitted to a straight line very well. The authors converted the gradient and intercept into cross sections. The cross section for 6D(5/2)-->6D(3/2) transfer is (2.1 +/- 0.4) x 10(14) cm2. The cross section for excitation transfer out of the 6D doublet is sigmaQ = (1.6 +/- 0.4) x 10(-14) cm2. The cross section on contains information on reverse energy pooling collisions [i.e., Cs(6D(3/2)) + Cs (6S(1/2))-->Cs(6P) + 6Cs(P)] and contribution from mining in 6Dj-->7P(J'), This latter contribution could be subtracted out using the results of a second experiment. At a Cs density lower than 6.0 x 10(12) cm3, the laser was used to pump the 6D(3/2) and 6D(5/2) states, respectively. The resulting fluorescence included the direct component emitted in the decay of the 6D(J) state and the sensitized component arising from the collisionally populated 7P(J') state. Relative intensities of the components yielded the cross sections. The cross-sections for the processes Cs(6D(5/2)) + Cs(6S(1/2))-->Cs(7P(J')) + Cs(6S(1/2)) are (1.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-15) cm2. for J'= 3/2 and (6.5 +/- 2.1) x 10(-16) cm2, for J' = 1/2, respectively. The cross-sections for the processes Cs(6D(3/2) + Cs(6S(1/2))-->Cs (7P(J')) + Cs(6S(1/2)) are (1.9 +/- 0.6) x 10(-15) cm2. for J' = 3/2 and (7.6 + 2.4) x 10(-16) cm2, for J' = 1/2, respectively. The 6D(J) -->7P(J'), energy transfer rate coefficient is small. The total quenching rate coefficient out of the 6D(J) state is much larger. Evidence suggests that the quenching of the 6D(J) state is caused predominantly by reverse energy-pooling process. The cross section for this process, i.e., Cs(6D(3/2))+Cs(6S(1/2))-->Cs(6P) + Cs(6P) is (1.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-14) cm2.

•Sep 1, 2009•0 citations
Energy pooling collisions of two cadmium atoms in the state 5s5p3P15s5p{}^{3}{P}_{1}5s5p3P1​ have been investigated under pulsed laser excitation and cross sections have been measured for the production of atoms in the 5s5d3DJ5s5d{}^{3}{D}_{J}5s5d3DJ​ states. We have obtained the values (1.3\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.6)\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−16(1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}(1.3\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.6)\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−16, (1.1\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.5)\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−16(1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}(1.1\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.5)\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−16, and (0.7\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.4)\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−16(0.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}(0.7\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.4)\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−16 cm2{}^{2}2 for J=1,2,3J=1,2,3J=1,2,3, respectively. The effects of the radiation trapping phenomenon, important both in the cross-section determination and in the evaluation of the Cd atom density in the sealed cell used in the experiment, have been taken into account through numerical solutions of the radiation diffusion equation in the specific conditions of our experiment.
An experimental study of rubidium energy pooling collisions,5P_J+5P_J′→5S+5D_J″,at thermal energies,has been carried out in a cell.Atoms were excited to either the 5P_1/2 or 5P_3/2 state using a single-mode diode laser.The excited-atom density and spatial distribution were mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode diode laser beam,tuned to either 5P_1/2→5D_3/2,5P_3/2→7S_1/2 transition,which could be translated parallel to the pump beam.The excited atom densities are combined with measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross sections for the rubidium energy pooling process 5P_J+5P_J′→5S+5D_J″.Two tunable cw diode lasers were used to excite 5P_1/2 and 5P_3/2 respectively and the 5D_J″→5P_J fluorescence intensities were measured.For 5P_3/2+5P_1/2 collisions the cross sections for 5D_5/2,5D_3/2 are(1.12±0.50)×10~-14 and(1.01±0.45)×10~-14 cm~2,respectively.
We experimentally study rubidium energy pooling collisions of Rb(5 P 3/2 )+Rb(5 P 3/2 )→Rb(5 S 1/2 )+Rb ( nl J = 5 D J ,7 S 1/2 ) at low densities in a cell using diode laser excitation. The excited-atom density and spatial distribution are mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode diode laser beam, tuned to the 5 P 3/2 →7 S 1/2 transition, which could be translated parallel to the pump beam. The excited atom densities are combined with measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross sections for the rubidium energy pooling process. The cross sections for nl J being 5 D 5/2 , 5 D 3/2 , and 7 S 1/2 are (1.32±0.59) × 10 −14 , (1.18±0.53) × 10 −14 and (3.21±1.44) × 10 −15 cm 2 , respectively.
Using the resonance 2s-2p excitation of the Li atom in a lithium-cadmium vapour mixture we observed cadmium atoms excited to very high energy levels such as 6s 3 S 1 , 5d 3 D J and 6p 1 P 1 . As the main excitation process we propose radiative collisions between excited lithium and ground state cadmium atoms followed by an energy-pooling collision between Cd( 3 P J ) atoms. The temporal evolution of intensities of selected lithium and cadmium atomic lines is simulated using a system of rate equations. We estimated the rate coefficient for the radiative collision Li(2p) + Cd(5 1 S 0 ) + h ν 670.8 nm + Δ E →Li(2s) + Cd(5 3 P 0 ), to be 6×10 -10 cm 3 s -1 at T = 965 K.
An experimental study of rubidium energy pooling collisions, Rb(5P(J)) + Rb(5P(J))-->Rb(nlJ') + Rb(5S), at thermal energies, was carried out in a cell. Atoms were excited to either the 5P 1/2 or 5P 3/2 state using a single-mode diode laser. The excited atom density and spatial distribution were mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counter-propagating single-mode diode laser beam, tuned to either 5P 1/2-->5D 3/2 or 5P 3/2-->7S 1/2 transition, which could be translated parallel to the pump beam. The excited atom densities were combined with the measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross sections for the rubidium energy pooling process. For 5P 3/2 excitation the cross sections for nlJ' being 5D 5/2, 5D 3/2, and 7S 1/2 are (1.32+/-0.59) x 10(-14), (1.18+/-0.53) x 10(-14) and (3. 21+/-1. 44) x 10(-15) cm2, respectively. For 5P 1/2 excitation the cross sections for nlJ' being 5D 5/2 and 5D 3/2 are (6.57+/-2.96) x 10(-15), and (5.90+/-2.66) x 10(-15) cm2, respectively. The results were compared with those of other experiments.
At a Cs density higher than 9 x 10(14) cm(-3), cesium vapor was irradiated in a glass fluorescence cell with pulses of radiation from an YAG-laser-pumped OPO laser, populating 6D(5/2) state by two-photon absorption. Energy transfer in Cs6(D(5/2)) + Cs (6S) collisions was studied using methods of atomic fluorescence. At the different Cs densities, we have measured the time-integrated intensities of the components and fitted a three-state rate equation model to obtain the cross sections. The experimental points were fitted to a straight line very well. The authors converted the gradient and intercept into cross sections. The cross section for 6D(5/2)-->6D(3/2) transfer is (2.1 +/- 0.4) x 10(14) cm2. The cross section for excitation transfer out of the 6D doublet is sigmaQ = (1.6 +/- 0.4) x 10(-14) cm2. The cross section on contains information on reverse energy pooling collisions [i.e., Cs(6D(3/2)) + Cs (6S(1/2))-->Cs(6P) + 6Cs(P)] and contribution from mining in 6Dj-->7P(J'), This latter contribution could be subtracted out using the results of a second experiment. At a Cs density lower than 6.0 x 10(12) cm3, the laser was used to pump the 6D(3/2) and 6D(5/2) states, respectively. The resulting fluorescence included the direct component emitted in the decay of the 6D(J) state and the sensitized component arising from the collisionally populated 7P(J') state. Relative intensities of the components yielded the cross sections. The cross-sections for the processes Cs(6D(5/2)) + Cs(6S(1/2))-->Cs(7P(J')) + Cs(6S(1/2)) are (1.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-15) cm2. for J'= 3/2 and (6.5 +/- 2.1) x 10(-16) cm2, for J' = 1/2, respectively. The cross-sections for the processes Cs(6D(3/2) + Cs(6S(1/2))-->Cs (7P(J')) + Cs(6S(1/2)) are (1.9 +/- 0.6) x 10(-15) cm2. for J' = 3/2 and (7.6 + 2.4) x 10(-16) cm2, for J' = 1/2, respectively. The 6D(J) -->7P(J'), energy transfer rate coefficient is small. The total quenching rate coefficient out of the 6D(J) state is much larger. Evidence suggests that the quenching of the 6D(J) state is caused predominantly by reverse energy-pooling process. The cross section for this process, i.e., Cs(6D(3/2))+Cs(6S(1/2))-->Cs(6P) + Cs(6P) is (1.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-14) cm2.