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Chinese Journal of Physics

A Millimeter Wave Detecting System Based on High Temperature Superconducting Device and Pulse Tube Cryocooler

J. Chen, Pan Wu, N. Ebisawa, Kiyotaka Nakajima, Tsutomu Yamashita

Published Aug 1, 2004• 0 citations
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Abstract

A millimeter (mm) wave broadband video detecting system based on high temperature superconducting (HTS) junction and compact pulse tube cryocooler (PTC) has been studied. The lowest attainable temperature of the PTC is 42K and the operating temperature (T) can be adjusted by changing the pressure difference in the compressor. By measuring the linewidth of the Josephson oscillation as well as the dynamic range of the Josephson detector, it is found that the PTC has no excess noise compared with other kinds of cryostats such as liquid helium cryostats, and is very suitable for the applications in the mm wave detecting system. Furthermore, to improve the sensitivity of the system, the coupling efficiency of the system has been studied in detail. It is found that the coupling efficiency increases with the increase of RN linearly, and is better than 1% for RN of 1.7 Ω . A sensitivity of about 318 V/W has been obtained for the system based on the PTC and a junction with RN=1.7 Ω and ICRN = 1mV.

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jul 31, 1998•4 citations
A millimeter (mm) wave broadband video detecting system based on high temperature superconducting (HTS) junction and compact pulse tube cryocooler (PTC) has been studied. The lowest attainable temperature of the PTC is 42K and the operating temperature (T) can be adjusted by changing the pressure difference in the compressor. By measuring the linewidth of the Josephson oscillation as well as the dynamic range of the Josephson detector, it is found that the PTC has no excess noise compared with other kinds of cryostats such as liquid helium cryostats, and is very suitable for the applications in the mm wave detecting system. Furthermore, to improve the sensitivity of the system, the coupling efficiency of the system has been studied in detail. It is found that the coupling efficiency increases with the increase of RN linearly, and is better than 1% for RN of 1.7 Ω . A sensitivity of about 318 V/W has been obtained for the system based on the PTC and a junction with RN=1.7 Ω and ICRN = 1mV.
A millimeter (mm) wave broadband video detecting system using high temperature superconducting (HTS) junction and compact pulse tube cryocooler (PTC) has been studied. The lowest attainable temperature of the PTC is 42K and the operating temperature (T) can be adjusted by changing the pressure difference in the compressor. By measuring the linewidth of the Josephson oscillation as well as the dynamic range of the Josephson detector, it is found that the PTC has no excess noise compared with other kinds of cryostats such as liquid helium cryostats, and is very suitable for the applications in the mm wave detecting system. Furthermore, to improve the sensitivity of the system, the coupling efficiency of the system has been studied in detail. It is found that the coupling efficiency increases with the increase of RN linearly, and is better than 1% for RN of 1.7 Ohm. A sensitivity of about 318V/W has been obtained for the system based on the PTC and a junction with RN=1.7 Ohm and ICRN =1mV.
YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions (GBJJ's), with the normal-state resistance (R/sub N/) around 1 /spl Omega/ and I/sub C/R/sub N/ product of less than 2 mV at 45 K, where I/sub C/ is the critical current of the junction, are used to study the dynamic range of high temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson detecting systems at millimeter-wave band. A compact pulse tube cryocooler (PTC), or a liquid helium cryostat (LHC), or a liquid nitrogen cryostat (LNC) provides the necessary low temperature environment for the operation, while Gunn oscillators together with doubler generate signals at the frequencies of 50, 98, 196 GHz whose amplitude can be adjusted by a series of calibrated attenuators. By changing the junction parameters, operating frequencies, and the cryocooler or cryostat, we have carefully looked at the dynamic range of the system. For a measuring channel bandwidth of 1 Hz, the dynamic range is around 38 dB which is determined basically by the preamplifier. This indicates that the PTC does not introduce excess noise compared with other kinds of cryostats such as LHC's or LNC's. A measuring channel bandwidth up to 1 MHz can be helpful if fast measurements are needed.
A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson heterodyne oscillator based on step-edge junction technology has recently been developed (Du et al 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 033507, Macfarlane et al 2009 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 920). In this work, the implementation and characterization of such a heterodyne oscillator on a compact pulse-tube cryocooler (PTC) are presented. The rf performance of the oscillator cooled by the cryocooler is compared to that of the same device when cooled in the quiet gas phase of a liquid helium Dewar. Any measurable influence of additional electromagnetic noise and mechanical vibration of the cryocooler on the oscillator performance is assessed by measuring the linewidth broadening of the heterodyne oscillation. The cryocooled oscillator demonstrated excellent performance and negligible excess noise was observed when operating the PTC.
Sensitivity of high temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson detectors at millimetre-wave band has been studied in detail. YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions with the normal-state resistance ( R N ) around 1 Ω and I C R N product of less than 2 mV have been fabricated for this study, where I C is the critical current of the junction. A Gunn oscillator at the frequency of 98 GHz together with a set of calibrated attenuators with a total attenuation of 90 dB are used as a signal source. A quasi-optical system, which consists of a wideband planar log-periodic antenna encompassing the junction, parabolic mirrors and a hyperhemispherical silicon lens, has been used as an effective coupling system. Sensitivity increases with I C R N . Using a junction with I C R N of 300 µV, a sensitivity of about 9000 V W −1 has been obtained, which is higher than that of the Schottky diode detectors at the same frequency band and demonstrates that the HTS Josephson detectors are very sensitive at millimetre-wave band.
Development of two types of submillimeter-wave superconducting direct detectors are described. One is the SIS video detector and the other is the SIS photon detector. Using 500 GHz parallel connected twin junction device, video detector performance is eluted. High quantum efficiency in wide frequency range in submillimeter-wave and low noise performance is achieved. Noise equivalent power of 6 X 10-14 W/(root)Hz is measured at operating temperature of 1.5 K and bias voltage of 0.5 mV. Further improvements using distributed junction array is addressed. Large area niobium SIS junction (100 micrometer X 50 micrometer X 2) is used as a photon detection device and their thermal, electrical and optical performance is evaluated. Leakage current decrease more than three orders of magnitude at 0.5 K compared to that at 4.2 K. Noise of the device is limited by the shot noise.