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AIP conference proceedings

New frontiers with ultracold gases

Wolfgang Ketterle

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This article summarizes recent work at MIT, which was presented at ICAP 2004. These examples demonstrate the broad range of topics, which are covered by research on quantum‐degenerate gases: boson and fermion mixtures, cold molecules, vortices, and interactions with surfaces.
DOI
10.1063/1.1928838

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Bose-Einstein condensation is an exciting physical phenomenon. It was predicted in 1924 and experimentally produced in 1995 using powerful laser cooling techniques. Bose condensed gases become one of most emerging field of modern physics, embracing many area namely atomic and molecular physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, quantum optics, and condensed matter physics. The advent of these quantum degenerate gases opens intriguing prospects for precision measurements, quantum information, and novel phases of matter. The book presents a new thorough theory treating Bose condensed gases at finite temperatures with extremely distinct background. The approach proved useful, efficient and successful as a theoretical mean to study all aspects of ultracold gases at finite temperatures. Equilibrium and dynamic properties, superfluidity and vortices, anomalous correlations, quantum mixtures and long range interactions are among the topics covered in this book. The book is written in a pedagogical style and features sufficient elementary background material. It can be therefore, accessible to all scientists from graduate students to senior researchers in cold atoms physics.
"This book derives from the content of graduate courses on cold atomic gases, taught at the Renmin University of China and at the University of Science and Technology of China. It provides a brief review on the history and current research frontiers in the field of ultracold atomic gases, as well as basic theoretical description of few- and many-body physics in the system. Starting from the basics such as atomic structure, atom-light interaction, laser cooling and trapping, the book then moves on to focus on the treatment of ultracold Fermi gases, before turning to topics in quantum simulation using cold atoms in optical lattices. The book would be ideal not only for professionals and researchers, but also for familiarizing junior graduate students with the subject and aiding them in their preparation for future study and research in the field."--
The Field of ultracold quantum gases is no longer in its infancy. Since the first gaseous Bose–Einstein condensate was formed in 1995, physicists have made an exhaustive study of the many amazing properties of this new state of matter. Similar progress has been made with degenerate Fermigases – the quantum-mechanical cousins of Bose condensates. In addition to being fascinating in their own right, experiments on quantum gases are relevant to many different areas of physics – from atomic clocks and quantum computing to superfluidity and quantum phase transitions.
The topic of the present lecture notes are two-species quantum mixtures composed of a deeply degenerate Fermi gas and a second component, the latter being fermionic or bosonic. A key ingredient is the possibility to tune the sss-wave interaction between the different species by means of magnetically controlled Feshbach resonances, which allow us to investigate regimes of strong interactions. In two case studies, we review our experiments on mixtures of 6^66Li fermions with fermionic 40^{40}40K or bosonic 41^{41}41K atoms and on mixtures of fermionic 161^{161}161Dy with 40^{40}40K atoms. We cover various topics of fermionic quantum many-body physics, ranging from impurity physics and quasiparticles over phase separation to the formation of ultracold molecules and progress towards novel superfluids.