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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Generation, transfer, and application of a squeezed vacuum

Ping Koy Lam, Timothy C. Ralph, B. C. Buchler, David E. McClelland, Hans‐A. Bachor, Jiangrui Gao

Published Jan 20, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The limits and requisites to large observable squeezing from a below threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) are presented including the more than 7 dB of quadrature squeezing measured from the vacuum output of a below threshold OPO. Two method of transferring the vacuum squeezing onto a bright beam using the squeezed vacuum system are examined.

DOI
10.1109/qels.1999.807303

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The limits and requisites to large observable squeezing from a below threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) are presented including the more than 7 dB of quadrature squeezing measured from the vacuum output of a below threshold OPO. Two method of transferring the vacuum squeezing onto a bright beam using the squeezed vacuum system are examined.
We report the first experimental demonstration of squeezed lasing in a reservoir-engineered optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The OPO provides a basis of squeezed states and parametric amplification in lasing emission, whose vacuum reservoir is coupled to a squeezed vacuum generated by a second OPO. With a precisely controlled squeezing angle and strong squeezing injection, the parametric interaction in the first OPO is exponentially enhanced. It successfully circumvents the decoherence in the system, and eliminates the undesired noise of spontaneous photon emission in the OPO. As a result, the amplified parametric process simultaneously reserves the coherence and quantum properties in the first OPO, and yields a -6.1 dB squeezed laser in optical domain with a narrow linewidth and high brightness. Our work sheds light on potential applications of squeezed lasing in quantum metrology and quantum optics.
Squeezed light is a nonclassical state of electro-magnetic field and has noise suppressed below the standard quantum limit in one quadrature component while increased in the other. One of the important applications of squeezed lights is quantum enhanced sensing such as gravitational wave detector with ultimate resolution. Another important application is continuous variables quantum teleportation which utilizes two mode squeezed lights as an essential resource for quantum entanglement. In these applications the final outcome is limited by squeezing level. So it is important to generate highly squeezed light. Over the past few decades a considerable number of the experiments have been performed to generate highly squeezed lights. One of the successful methods is utilization of a sub-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) which includes a nonlinear optical crystal. In this article we will introduce current development of experimental investigation of continuous-wave highly squeezed light by utilizing the OPO and current topics about applications of squeezed light.
With the recent detection of gravitational waves, non-classical light sources are likely to become an essential element of future detectors engaged in gravitational wave astronomy and cosmology. Operating a squeezed light source under high vacuum has the advantages of reducing optical losses and phase noise compared to techniques where the squeezed light is introduced from outside the vacuum. This will ultimately provide enhanced sensitivity for modern interferometric gravitational wave detectors that will soon become limited by quantum noise across much of the detection bandwidth. Here we describe the optomechanical design choices and construction techniques of a near monolithic glass optical parametric oscillator that has been operated under a vacuum of 10(-6) mbar. The optical parametric oscillator described here has been shown to produce 8.6 dB of quadrature squeezed light in the audio frequency band down to 10 Hz. This performance has been maintained for periods of around an hour and the system has been under vacuum continuously for several months without a degradation of this performance.
High-quality squeezed light is an important resource for a variety of applications. Multiple methods for generating squeezed light are known, having been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. However, the effectiveness of these methods—in particular, the inherent limitations to the signals that can be produced—has received little consideration. Here we present a comparative theoretical analysis for generating a highly displaced squeezed light from a linear optical method—a beamsplitter mixing a squeezed vacuum and a strong coherent state—and well-studied parametric amplification methods including an optical parametric oscillator, an optical parametric amplifier, and a dissipative optomechanical squeezer seeded with coherent states. We show that the quality of highly displaced squeezed states that can be generated using these methods is limited on a fundamental level by the physical mechanism utilized; across all methods there are significant trade-offs between displacement, squeezing, and overall uncertainty. We explore the nature and extent of these trade-offs specific to each mechanism and identify the optimal operation modes for each. Finally, we identify the conditions for minimum-uncertainty squeezing in arbitrary parametric amplifying systems and show that displacing the output signal will in general violate these conditions, adding noise and degrading squeezing.