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Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks

Eigen State Transmission of Birefringent Optical Fibers Using Entangled Two Photons

Takeshi Ozeki, Atsushi Masubuchi

Published Dec 19, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When two photons are coded into entangled polarization states, one of eigen states of direct product of fiber transfer function matrix is found to be independent of transmission fiber birefringence. The eigen state is the entangled singlet state Ψ − , one of the Bell states. The entangled polarization state Ψ − can be transmitted through optical fiber without the degradation in fidelity.

DOI
10.1007/0-306-47097-7_69

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When two photons are coded into entangled polarization states, one of eigen states of direct product of fiber transfer function matrix is found to be independent of transmission fiber birefringence. The eigen state is the entangled singlet state Ψ − , one of the Bell states. The entangled polarization state Ψ − can be transmitted through optical fiber without the degradation in fidelity.
High fidelity transmission of quantum polarization states is essential for realizing quantum networks. The degenerate ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state is an eigenstate of a transmission fiber. In this paper we propose a method for preparing the degenerate ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state using spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) in a fiber Sagnac loop excited by two orthogonally polarized pump waves. This configuration includes a 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} Faraday rotator, which creates a relative phase of $\ensuremath{\pi}$ between the two counterpropagating entangled photon pairs with indistinguishability both in frequencies and generation paths. We confirm that only the amplitude is degraded in the output wave form of nonlinear sum frequency generation in the Bell state analyzer after propagation through the fiber due to the polarization mode dispersion.
We show how to generate, encode, transmit and detect single photons. By using single photons we can address two of the more challenging problems that communication engineers face nowadays: capacity and security. Indeed, by decreasing the number of photons used to encode each bit, we can efficiently explore the full capacity to carry information of optical fibers, and we can guarantee privacy at the physical layer. We present results for single and entangled photon generation. We encode information in the photons polarization and after transmission we retrieve that information. We discuss the impact of fiber birefringence on the photons polarization.
We demonstrate a novel polarization-entangled photon-pair source based on standard birefringent polarization-maintaining optical fiber. The source consists of two stretches of fiber spliced together with perpendicular polarization axes, and has the potential to be fully fiber-based, with all bulk optics replaced with in-fiber equivalents. By modelling the temporal walk-off in the fibers, we implement compensation necessary for the photon creation processes in the two stretches of fiber to be indistinguishable. Our source subsequently produces a high quality entangled state having (92.2 ± 0.2) % fidelity with a maximally entangled Bell state.