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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Magnetic Field Control and Stabilization Using a Current Transducer and the Applications for Optically Trapped Atoms

C. Welford, Mark D. Junker, D. Dries, J. M. Hitchcock, Y.P. Chen, Randall G. Hulet

Published May 18, 2006• 0 citations
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An all diode laser system has been constructed for the confinement of 7 Li in a magneto-optical trap (MOT), which is the first stage in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) experiment. The system is based around an anti-reflection coated broad-area laser which provides the MOT power. The system allows the production of a MOT containing 1.6×10 10 atoms at 600 μK and densities in excess of 2×10 11 atoms/cm 3 . In addition, a magnetic field control system has been implemented using feedback from an Ultrastab 866 current sensor. The system provides a fractional current stability of 1 part in 10 4 —a factor of four improvement over the previous scheme where the current limit of the supply was relied upon for stability.
Cold atoms form the backbone of many quantum technology applications, including quantum computation, sensing, and networking. These experiments require a robust cold atom source, precise control of beam parameters, and large optical access. We demonstrate a compact cesium magneto-optical trap (MOT) directly loaded from background vapor, with a footprint of 34 × 56 cm2. The quadrupole and compensation coils are mounted on additively manufactured components, eliminating the need for water cooling and minimizing eddy currents, which enables fast magnetic field switching with a measured settling time of 240 μs. Finite element analysis confirms the mechanical robustness and thermal stability of the coil mounts. The MOT achieves 5 × 106 atoms at a density of 109 cm-3, with a temperature of 76 ± 2 μK, demonstrating a reliable and compact platform suitable for quantum technology experiments.
Accurate control of magnetic fields is crucial for cold-atom experiments, often necessitating custom-designed control systems due to limitations in commercially available power supplies.Here, we demonstrate precise and flexible control of a static magnetic field by employing a field-programmable gate array and a feedback loop.This setup enables us to maintain exceptionally stable current with a fractional stability of 1 ppm within 30 s.The error signal of the feedback loop exhibited a noise level of 10 -5 A•Hz -1/2 for control bandwidths below 10 kHz.Utilizing this precise magnetic field control system, we investigate the second-order Zeeman shift in the context of cold-atom coherent population-trapping (CPT) clocks.Our analysis reveals the second-order Zeeman coefficient to be 574.21Hz/G 2 , with an uncertainty of 1.36 Hz/G 2 .Consequently, the magnetic field stabilization system we developed allows us to achieve a second-order Zeeman shift below 10 -14 , surpassing the long-term stability of current cold-atom CPT clocks.