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Chinese Physics Letters

Magneto-Optical Trap for Cesium Atoms Without a Separate Repumping Laser

Junxian Fu, Xuzong Chen, Yi-min Li, Donghai Yang, Yiqiu Wang

Published Nov 1, 1999• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A magneto-optical trap (MOT) for cesium atoms that operates without a separate repumping laser is reported. The differences between a normal MOT and this kind of MOT have been experimentally studied. The influences of a repumping laser on cooling and trapping cesium atoms in the MOT have been carefully investigated. The results reveal that it is the critical injection-locked state of the diode laser that makes magneto-optical trapping of cesium atoms possible without a separate repumping laser.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/16/11/010

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A magneto-optical trap (MOT) for cesium atoms that operates without a separate repumping laser is reported. The differences between a normal MOT and this kind of MOT have been experimentally studied. The influences of a repumping laser on cooling and trapping cesium atoms in the MOT have been carefully investigated. The results reveal that it is the critical injection-locked state of the diode laser that makes magneto-optical trapping of cesium atoms possible without a separate repumping laser.
By optical injection of an 852-nm extended-cavity diode laser (master laser) to lock the + 1-order sideband of a ~9-GHz-current-modulated diode laser (slave laser), we generate a pair of phase-locked lasers with a frequency difference up to ~9-GHz for a cesium (Cs) magneto-optical trap (MOT) with convenient tuning capability. For a cesium MOT, the master laser acts as repumping laser, locked to the Cs 6S₁/₂ (F = 3) - 6P₃/₂ (F' = 4) transition. When the + 1-order sideband of the 8.9536-GHz-current-modulated slave laser is optically injection-locked, the carrier operates on the Cs 6S₁/₂ (F = 4) - 6P₃/₂ (F' = 5) cooling cycle transition with -12 MHz detuning and acts as cooling/trapping laser. When carrying a 9.1926-GHz modulation signal, this phase-locked laser system can be applied in the fields of coherent population trapping and coherent manipulation of Cs atomic ground states.
The role of repumping in the magneto-optical trap (MOT) has often been seen as a necessary evil, requiring the introduction of either an electro-optical modulator or extra laser.1,2 However, repumping can be exploited to improve the performance of the MOT,3 or to study further the behavior of such a trap. We report results of a modified MOT using for repumping the D1 transitions 3S1/2 F = 1 to 3Pl/2 F = 1 and F = 2. Because these wavelengths are well displaced from the usual (D2) repump wavelengths, the direct repump influence on the trapping and cooling laser interaction should be significantly reduced. We also expect further possibilities for cold-atom spectroscopy within the MOT. The possibility of a dark trap with this repumping transition has been suggested.3
Based on the realization of magneto-optical trap for cesium atom in China, great improvement is achieved on its performance. In the new experimental setup, a laser battery in stepwise injection-locking scheme is developed as laser source, which has more output power and better beam quality than the previous one. Under the optimum working condition, cesium atoms of more than 10 9 with the density of 10 11 atoms/cm 3 are trapped to form an atomic cloud with the diameter of 3 mm. Compared with previous results, both the number of trapped atoms and the density of atomic cloud are increased in two orders of magnitude.
We demonstrate enhancement in the number of trapped cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) using a control laser that illuminates only a small faction of the capture region of the trap without interacting with the cold cloud of atoms. The enhancement is maximized when the laser is slightly blue detuned with respect to the cooling transition. Trap loading curves point to approximately a twofold increase in the capture rate, which as a consequence results in the increase in the steady state number of trapped atoms. Enhanced loading is confirmed by MOT loading and decay curves taken under the modulation of the control laser beam. Optical pumping of the inaccessible Zeeman states into the stretched states is suggested as a possible mechanism.