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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Experimental evidence for correlated polaritonic emission from a semiconductor microcavity

C. Lewder, Marco Romanelli, Jean‐Philippe Karr, Alberto Bramati, E. Giacobino

Published Jan 18, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this contribution, a novel geometry is investigated that eliminates the asymmetry between the signal and idler fields,using a nonlinear process that produces signal and idler polaritons with opposite wave vectors, hence the same photon content and the same linewidth, which allows maximal correlations between the signal and idler beams. It is studied theoretically in the Heisenberg-Langevin formalism and is found that perfect quantum correlations can be achieved for the polariton fields. The experimental observation of such nonlinear process is reported. A correlation of about 0.6 between the beams emitted with opposite planar wave vectors us measured. The measured correlations are classical, meaning that the intensity difference between the signal and idler beam is not squeezed. However, these results are very promising in view of the generation of quantum correlated polariton modes.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.2005.1567525

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In this contribution, a novel geometry is investigated that eliminates the asymmetry between the signal and idler fields,using a nonlinear process that produces signal and idler polaritons with opposite wave vectors, hence the same photon content and the same linewidth, which allows maximal correlations between the signal and idler beams. It is studied theoretically in the Heisenberg-Langevin formalism and is found that perfect quantum correlations can be achieved for the polariton fields. The experimental observation of such nonlinear process is reported. A correlation of about 0.6 between the beams emitted with opposite planar wave vectors us measured. The measured correlations are classical, meaning that the intensity difference between the signal and idler beam is not squeezed. However, these results are very promising in view of the generation of quantum correlated polariton modes.
The quantum correlations between the beams generated by polariton pair scattering in a semiconductor microcavity above the parametric oscillation threshold are computed analytically. The influence of various parameters, including the cavity-exciton detuning, the intensity mismatch between the signal and idler beams, and the amount of spurious noise, is analyzed. We show that very strong quantum correlations between the signal and idler polaritons can be achieved. However, the quantum effects in the outgoing light fields are strongly reduced due to the large mismatch in the coupling of the signal and idler polaritons to the external photons.
Abstract We report the observation of optical bistability in a semiconductor microcavity pumped at the “magic angle” above the parametric oscillation threshold. Experimental evidence is given in the form of a hysteresis cycle of the nonlinear emission as a function of the pump intensity. A model analogous to those developped for triply resonant Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPO) is in good agreement with the experimental findings. In the second part, we study the potential application of the parametric oscillation regime to quantum optics. The quantum correlations between the emitted “signal” and “idler” beams are computed. We show that very strong quantum correlations between the signal and idler polaritons can be achieved. However the quantum effects in the outgoing light fields are strongly reduced due to the large mismatch in the coupling of the signal and idler polaritons to the external photons. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Summary form only given. Semiconductor microcavities can be engineered to produce strong coupling between photons and quantum well excitons leading to the formation of new eigenstates called polaritons. Due to their peculiar dispersion, enabling non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation [1], and their straightforward experimental accessibility, microcavity polaritons have gained considerable interest in recent years. Polariton states can be selectively populated by choosing the excitation angle and the wavelength of the excitation laser. After a lifetime of a few picoseconds the polariton decays and a photon is emitted from the cavity, carrying the complete information on the underlying polariton state. Several theoretical works [2-3] suggest that polariton-polariton interactions can be a source of non-classical photon correlations, producing photon pairs that are entangled in either the energy, the polarization, or the momentum degree of freedom. One appeal of such a system is that many parameters such as the polariton-polariton interaction strength are tunable [4] and multipartite entangled states can be created in a single device [5]. However, due to the lack of high-quality samples, experimental realisations of these schemes have been elusive so far. In this contribution, we will discuss some of our experimental work on the statistics of polariton-polariton parametric scattering. Excited polaritons can scatter in a four-wave mixing process into signal and idler states lying on a figure-eight shaped curve in k-space, where phase-matching is fulfilled. We make use of a sample with ultra narrow exciton resonances, which allows for the generation and detection of correlated light. We present our measurements of the second order correlation functions using time-correlated photon counting. We discuss in detail, how polariton quantum correlations depend on a number of experimental parameters, such as phase space location and excitation density and find that the results can be understood in the framework of the well known Bogoliubov theory for 2D Bose gases utilised for microcavity polaritons [6]. We find bunching below the parametric threshold and a slow buildup of coherence above the threshold similar to the quantum statistics of a non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator, which is well known for its nonclassical properties [7]. We discuss in particular the influence of strong background processes on the observed photon statistics.
Abstract Recent theoretical and experimental investigations evidencing quantum optical effects in semiconductor microcavities are reported. In particular the results of an experiment that probes polariton quantum correlations by exploiting quantum complementarity are described. In this experiment, it has been shown that polaritons in two distinct idler modes interfere if and only if they share the same signal mode so that which‐way information cannot be gathered, according to Bohr's quantum complementarity principle. The experimental results prove the existence of polariton pair correlations that store the which‐way information. This interpretation is confirmed by a theoretical analysis of the measured interference visibility in terms of quantum Langevin equations. The devised experimental scheme employs two frequency‐degenerate mutually‐coherent pump modes. It is shown that this kind of two‐pump parametric schemes can be exploited to realize a number of interesting tasks as the emission of polarization‐entangled cavity‐polariton states and the coherent control and trapping of parametric amplification in SMCs. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
We present an experiment that probes polariton quantum correlations by exploiting quantum complementarity. Specifically, we find that polaritons in two distinct idler modes interfere if and only if they share the same signal mode so that ``which-way'' information cannot be gathered. The experimental results prove the existence of polariton pair correlations that store the which-way information. This interpretation is confirmed by a theoretical analysis of the measured interference visibility in terms of quantum Langevin equations.
We discuss the quantum statistical properties of exciton polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. The nonlinear dynamics is treated within a model of interacting bosons for the signal, pump, and idler modes. We focus on the regime of parametric amplification below threshold. We present the time evolution of the signal and idler modes towards their stationary solutions and discuss their statistical properties. In particular, we evaluate the amount of squeezing of the radiation emitted out of the microcavity in a configuration, which may be relevant for experiments.