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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Experimental study of quantum chaos with cesium atoms

Bruce G. Klappauf, D. Steck, Windell H. Oskay, Mark G. Raizen

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given.To go beyond the first generation of quantum-chaos experiments, we set up an experiment with cesium. The small recoil velocity of cesium relative to sodium ensures that the 6-kicked approximation is valid over a much larger range of momenta. The resulting momentum boundary in phase space is then pushed out much further, opening the door for experimental studies of noise-induced delocalization as well as other directions of fundamental interest. Cesium atoms are first trapped and cooled in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) via diode lasers.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.1998.680330

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Summary form only given.To go beyond the first generation of quantum-chaos experiments, we set up an experiment with cesium. The small recoil velocity of cesium relative to sodium ensures that the 6-kicked approximation is valid over a much larger range of momenta. The resulting momentum boundary in phase space is then pushed out much further, opening the door for experimental studies of noise-induced delocalization as well as other directions of fundamental interest. Cesium atoms are first trapped and cooled in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) via diode lasers.
To go beyond the first generation of quantum-chaos experiments, we set up an experiment with cesium. The small recoil velocity of cesium relative to sodium ensures that the 6-kicked approximation is valid over a much larger range of momenta. The resulting momentum boundary in phase space is then pushed out much further, opening the door for experimental studies of noise-induced delocalization as well as other directions of fundamental interest. Cesium atoms are first trapped and cooled in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) via diode lasers.
Summary form only given. Atom optics has proven to be a fruitful testbed for the experimental study of quantum dynamics in classically chaotic systems. However, the quantum behavior in a mixed classical phase space, where both stable and chaotic regions are present, remains an interesting and challenging subject, with much left to understand. To probe local dynamics in mixed phase space, the atomic sample must be prepared such that it is localized in phase space. To accomplish this, cesium atoms are first prepared in a standard magneto-optic trap. They are then further cooled in a 3-D far-detuned optical lattice. A model system for the study of mixed phase space is realized when the atoms are subjected to an amplitude-modulated standing wave, where the intensity varies as sin/sup 2/ (/spl pi/t/T) (T is the pulse duration). There are three primary resonances in this system; one is at zero momentum, and the other two are located symmetrically about p = 0. As the intensity of the standing wave increases, the resonances overlap, and the resonances appear as islands of stability surrounded by bands of chaos. We have used our method of state preparation to center the atomic distribution at various positions and at the same momentum as one of the "side" resonances. We observe trapping of the atoms in the resonance when the atomic distribution is centered on the island, but not when the atoms are centered away from the resonance, since they instead diffuse through the chaotic region.
A magneto-optical trap of neutral atoms is essentially a dissipative quantum system. The fast thermal atoms continuously dissipate their energy to the environment via spontaneous emissions during the cooling. The atoms are, therefore, strongly coupled with the vacuum reservoir and the laser field. The vacuum fluctuations as well as the field fluctuations are imparted to the atoms as random photon recoils. Consequently, the external and internal dynamics of atoms becomes stochastic. In this paper, we have investigated the stochastic dynamics of the atoms in a magneto-optical trap during the loading process. The time series analysis of the fluorescence signal shows that the dynamics of the atoms evolves, like all dissipative systems, from deterministic to the chaotic regime. The subsequent disappearance and revival of chaos was attributed to chaos synchronization between spatially different atoms in the magneto-optical trap.
Laser-cooled atoms offer an excellent platform for testing new ideas of quantum control and measurement. I will discuss experiments where we use light and magnetic fields to drive and monitor non-trivial quantum dynamics of a large spin-angular momentum associated with an atomic hyperfine ground state. We can design Hamiltonians to generate arbitrary spin states and perform a full quantum state reconstruction of the results. We have implemented and verified time optimal controls to generate a broad variety of spin states, including spin-squeezed states useful for metrology. Yields achieved are of the range 0.8-0.9.We present a first experimental demonstration of the quantum kicked top, a popular paradigm for quantum and classical chaos. We make `movies' of the evolving quantum state which provides a direct observation of phase space dynamics of this system. The spin dynamics seen in the experiment includes dynamical tunneling between regular islands, rapid spreading of states throughout the chaotic sea, and surprisingly robust signatures of classical phase space structures. Our data show differences between regular and chaotic dynamics in the sensitivity to perturbations of the quantum kicked top Hamiltonian and in the average electron-nuclear spin entanglement during the first 40 kicks. The difference, while clear, is modest due to the small size of the spin.