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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Optimum noise filtering of quantum solitons

Dmitry Levandovsky, Michael Vasilyev, Prem Kumar

Published Nov 27, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given.We derive, for the first time, the solution to the matched-filter problem. In addition, we have, for the first time to our knowledge, found an analytical expression for the quantum-noise correlator of the soliton field quadrature as a function of fiber length, taking into account the complete contribution of the continuum.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.1998.680282

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Summary form only given.We derive, for the first time, the solution to the matched-filter problem. In addition, we have, for the first time to our knowledge, found an analytical expression for the quantum-noise correlator of the soliton field quadrature as a function of fiber length, taking into account the complete contribution of the continuum.
We study the quantum-noise properties of spectrally filtered solitons in optical fibers. Perturbation theory, including a quantum description of the continuum, is used to derive a complete analytical expression for the second-order correlator of the amplitude quadrature. This correlator is subsequently used to optimize the frequency response of the filter numerically in order to achieve the minimum photon-number noise. For propagation distances up to three soliton periods, the length at which the best noise reduction occurs, a square filter is found to be approximately optimum. For longer distances, more-complicated filter shapes are predicted for the best noise reduction.
We study the time-domain quantum-noise properties of solitons in optical fibers. Perturbation theory, including quantum description of the continuum, is used to derive a complete analytical expression for the second-order correlator of the amplitude quadrature in time domain. This correlator is subsequently used to calculate the photon-number noise reduction below the standard quantum limit by means of a time-gating filter. For propagation distances up to three soliton periods, the length at which the best noise reduction occurs, a square band-reject time filter is found to produce approximately 3.2 dB of squeezing.
Summary form only given.Spectral filtering of optical solitons has been demonstrated to squeeze their photon-number uncertainty up to a measured value of 3.8 dB. The squeezing has been explained in terms of an uneven spectral distribution of photon-number noise caused by the Kerr nonlinearity of the fiber. Some indication for correlations among different frequency components has been found in a numerical analysis. We present the first experimental evidence for such spectral correlations. The experimental setup is shown. Pulses of 130 fs centered at 1.5 /spl mu/m are launched into a 2.9-m polarization-presenting single-mode optical fiber with energies close to the fundamental soliton energy.
The usual view of a soliton in an optical fiber is that it obeys the classical Maxwell equations, and propagates unchanged down a lossless fiber. Of course, it is well known that an optical amplifier introduces noise in position. It is less well known that even a perfectly lossless fiber, without an amplifier, is unable to support the classical invariant solution. Instead, all solitons experience quantum noise in position and phase, and this noise increases with propagation distance. Experimenters at IBM laboratories have recently observed the first quantum effects in solitons. These experiments focussed on quadrature squeezing, and were able to detect the large increase in phase-quadrature noise that is predicted quantum-mechanically. In this paper we treat the effects of pulse-position noise, and indicate how this noise source can limit information transmission using solitons. While these effects are small in currently proposed communication systems, they place a fundamental limit on future enhancements of soliton communications using pulse-position modulation. Of most scientific interest is the macroscopic nature of the quantum fluctuations, which can alter the location of a huge number of cooperatively positioned photons, and possible implications for QND momentum measurements.