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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Optimum detection of quantum entangled fiber solitons

Yinchieh Lai, Ray‐Kuang Lee

Published May 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two-partie and multi-partie time-multiplexed fiber solitons after nonlinear interaction are rigorously proved to be quantum entangled in the sense that their quadrature components of internal modes satisfy the EPR non-local criterion. The optimum homodyne local oscillator pulse-shape for entanglement detection is determined.
DOI
10.1109/cleo.2008.4552129

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Homodyne measurement is a crucial tool widely used to address continuous variables for bosonic quantum systems. While an ideal homodyne detection provides a powerful analysis, e.g., to effectively measure quadrature amplitudes of light in quantum optics, it relies on the use of a strong reference field, the so-called local oscillator, typically in a coherent state. Such a strong coherent local oscillator may not be readily available, particularly for a massive quantum system like a Bose-Einstein condensate, posing a substantial challenge in dealing with continuous variables appropriately. It is necessary to establish a practical framework that includes the effects of nonideal local oscillators for a rigorous assessment of various quantum tests and applications. We here develop entanglement criteria beyond a Gaussian regime applicable for this realistic homodyne measurement that do not require assumptions on the state of local oscillators. We discuss the working conditions of homodyne detection to effectively detect non-Gaussian quantum entanglement under various states of local oscillators.
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A general formalism is developed for optimizing homodyne detection of quadrature-noise squeezing by selection of the local-oscillator (LO) field. The optimum LO is the minimum-eigenvalue eigenfunction of a particular Fredholm integral equation whose kernel depends on the signal field's normally ordered and phase-sensitive covariance functions. The squeezing that results from use of the optimum LO equals one plus twice its associated eigenvalue. A continuous-wave (cw) simplification of the general formalism is presented for the case of stationary signal-field covariances when the homodyne photocurrent is spectrum analyzed. Another simplified special case is exhibited for single-spatial-mode operation, such as is encountered in fiber-based quantum-noise experiments. The cw-source–spectrum-analysis approach is used to determine the optimum LO field and its squeezing performance for cw squeezed-state generation in a bulk Kerr medium with a Gaussian spatial-response function. The single-spatial-mode framework is employed to find the optimum LO field and its squeezing performance for pulsed squeezed-state generation in a single-mode optical fiber whose Kerr nonlinearity has a noninstantaneous response function. Comparison of the cw limit of this pulsed analysis with previous cw fiber-squeezing theory reveals a new regime for quadrature-noise reduction: Raman squeezing in fiber four-wave mixing.