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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Finite detection window in photon coincidence spectroscopy

Barry C. Sanders, Levente Horvath, B. F. Wielinga

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations

Abstract

Summary form only given.The Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) of a two-level atom interacting with a single mode of a high-finesse cavity in the strong-coupling regime forms the basis of studies in strong-coupling cavity quantum electrodynamics. Jaynes and Cummings demonstrated that the semiclassical model of radiation could account for the observed properties of the coupled atom-cavity system, and it has remained a challenge to observe the nonclassical features of the JCM, specifically those that reveal quantum entanglement between the atomic internal degrees of freedom and the single-mode cavity field. The key to observing nonclassical effects is to access the nonlinear regimen of the spectrum (beyond the first couplet of the JCM ladder). This has been accomplished in the microwave domain, but the optical domain presents difficulties that are not significant in the microwave experiments. Recently, the method of photon coincidence (or correlation) spectroscopy (PCS) has been proposed to overcome these difficulties and provide an experimental signature of the nonlinear regimen of the JCM spectrum. The atom is excited directly by a bichromatic laser field, and two-photon coincidence detection is performed on the cavity output field. Here we consider the complication that arises because the two-photon de-excitation is not instantaneous: the temporal separation between the two photons in the pair is random and of the order of the cavity lifetime. We also determine the optimal window time T for detecting photon pairs in order to maximize the number of genuine pairs while minimizing the number of false pairs. Our simulations, using a Bloch function expansion for solving the master equation, yield optimal values of T.

DOI: 10.1109/iqec.1998.680258

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Summary form only given.The Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) of a two-level atom interacting with a single mode of a high-finesse cavity in the strong-coupling regime forms the basis of studies in strong-coupling cavity quantum electrodynamics. Jaynes and Cummings demonstrated that the semiclassical model of radiation could account for the observed properties of the coupled atom-cavity system, and it has remained a challenge to observe the nonclassical features of the JCM, specifically those that reveal quantum entanglement between the atomic internal degrees of freedom and the single-mode cavity field. The key to observing nonclassical effects is to access the nonlinear regimen of the spectrum (beyond the first couplet of the JCM ladder). This has been accomplished in the microwave domain, but the optical domain presents difficulties that are not significant in the microwave experiments. Recently, the method of photon coincidence (or correlation) spectroscopy (PCS) has been proposed to overcome these difficulties and provide an experimental signature of the nonlinear regimen of the JCM spectrum. The atom is excited directly by a bichromatic laser field, and two-photon coincidence detection is performed on the cavity output field. Here we consider the complication that arises because the two-photon de-excitation is not instantaneous: the temporal separation between the two photons in the pair is random and of the order of the cavity lifetime. We also determine the optimal window time T for detecting photon pairs in order to maximize the number of genuine pairs while minimizing the number of false pairs. Our simulations, using a Bloch function expansion for solving the master equation, yield optimal values of T.

We show that photon coincidence spectroscopy can provide an unambiguous signature of two atoms simultaneously interacting with a quantized cavity field mode. We also show that the single-atom Jaynes—Cummings model can be probed effectively via photon coincidence spectroscopy, even with deleterious contributions to the signal from two-atom events. In addition, we have explicitly solved the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of two two-level atoms coupled to a quantized cavity mode for differing coupling strengths.

High-quality special nonclassical states beyond the strong single atom-cavity coupling regime are fundamental elements in quantum information science. Here, we study strong single-photon blockade to two-photon bundles emission in a single spin-1 atom coupled to an optical cavity by constructing a spin-1 Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM). By tuning the quadratic Zeeman shift, the energy-spectrum anharmonicity can be significantly enhanced, leading to a remarkable increase in the dressed-state splitting of the well-resolved n-photon resonance. The mechanism, which benefits from the internal degrees of freedom in high-spin systems, compensates for the strong coupling condition required by the multi-photon blockade, thereby facilitating the experimental feasibility of engineering special nonclassical states beyond the strong-coupling limit. It is shown that the photon emission from the spin-1 JCM demonstrates high-quality single photon and two-photon bundles with large steady-state photon numbers in the cavity-driven and atom-pump cases, respectively. In particular, compared to the two-level two-photon JCM, the antibunching amplitude of the three-order correlation function for two-photon bundles in the spin-1 JCM is enhanced by 3 orders of magnitude. More interestingly, a multimode transducer, enabling a transition from strong single-photon blockade to two-photon bundles and super-Poissonian photon emission, is achieved and highly controllable by the light-cavity detuning in the presence of both atom and cavity driven fields. This study based on the high-spin JCM broadens the scope of engineering special nonclassical quantum states beyond the standard two-level JCM. Our proposal not only opens up a new avenue for generating high-quality n-photon sources but also provides versatile applications in quantum networks and metrology.

Photon coincidence spectroscopy relies on detecting multiphoton emissions from the combined atom-cavity system in atomic beam cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments. These multiphoton emissions from the cavity are nearly simultaneous approximately on the cavity lifetime scale. We determine the optimal time for the detection window of photon pairs in two-photon coincidence spectroscopy. If the window time is too short, some photon pairs will not be detected; if the window time is too long, too many nearly coincident independent single photons will be falsely interpreted as being a photon pair. The paper has been submitted to The European Physical Journal D.

The Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) of two-level atom interacting with the photon mode in ideal cavity plays an essential role in modern quantum optics. In previous papers 1,2 an exact form of density matrix of the JCM with fixed atom position and photons dissipation was found. Here, taking into account the classical motion of the atom through the cavity, it is considered a case of nonideal cavity with zero temperature. We have obtained an exact expression for density matrix and calculated photon spectra and spectra of the mean number of photons in a cavity and and time dependencies of some values relevant for the one-atom maser theory.

Interaction between light and matter generates optical nonlinearities, which are particularly pronounced in the quantum strong coupling regime. When a single bosonic mode couples to a single fermionic mode, a Jaynes–Cummings (JC) ladder is formed, which we realize here using cavity photons and quantum dot excitons. We measure and model the coherent anharmonic response of this strongly coupled exciton–cavity system at resonance. Injecting two photons into the cavity, we demonstrate a larger polariton splitting with respect to the vacuum Rabi splitting. This is achieved using coherent nonlinear spectroscopy, specifically four-wave mixing, where the coherence between the ground state and the first (second) rung of the JC ladder can be interrogated for positive (negative) delays. With increasing excitation intensity and thus rising average number of injected photons, we observe spectral signatures of the quantum-to-classical crossover of the strong coupling regime.