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arXiv:quant-ph/9907065

Non-simultaneity in two-photon coincidence spectroscopy

Levente Horvath, Barry C. Sanders, B. F. Wielinga

Published Jul 21, 1999• 0 citations
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Abstract

Photon coincidence spectroscopy relies on detecting multiphoton emissions from the combined atom-cavity system in atomic beam cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments. These multiphoton emissions from the cavity are nearly simultaneous approximately on the cavity lifetime scale. We determine the optimal time for the detection window of photon pairs in two-photon coincidence spectroscopy. If the window time is too short, some photon pairs will not be detected; if the window time is too long, too many nearly coincident independent single photons will be falsely interpreted as being a photon pair. The paper has been submitted to The European Physical Journal D.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9907065

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Photon coincidence spectroscopy relies on detecting multiphoton emissions from the combined atom-cavity system in atomic beam cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments. These multiphoton emissions from the cavity are nearly simultaneous approximately on the cavity lifetime scale. We determine the optimal time for the detection window of photon pairs in two-photon coincidence spectroscopy. If the window time is too short, some photon pairs will not be detected; if the window time is too long, too many nearly coincident independent single photons will be falsely interpreted as being a photon pair. The paper has been submitted to The European Physical Journal D.
Photon coincidence spectroscopy is a promising technique for probing the nonlinear regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics in the optical domain, however its accuracy is mitigated by two factors: higher-order photon correlations, which contribute to an enhanced pair count rate, and non-simultaneity of emitted photon pairs from the optical cavity. We show that the technique of photon coincidence spectroscopy is effective in the presence of these effects if the quantitative predictions are adjusted to include non-simultaneity and higher-order correlations.
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We show that photon coincidence spectroscopy can provide an unambiguous signature of two atoms simultaneously interacting with a quantized cavity field mode. We also show that the single-atom Jaynes—Cummings model can be probed effectively via photon coincidence spectroscopy, even with deleterious contributions to the signal from two-atom events. In addition, we have explicitly solved the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of two two-level atoms coupled to a quantized cavity mode for differing coupling strengths.
Experiments involving so-called elastic collisions between an atom and a cavity should allow the non-destructive detection of very small numbers of photons and the direct measurement of cavity field quantum jumps.An atom and a small cavity with highly reflecting walls can couple and correlate strongly to each other, resulting in pheno mena which may lead to the development of new kinds of field sensors to detect photons without destroying them; the same pheno mena also illustrate basic concepts of quan tum mechanics.The study of these effects, at first theoretical and now entering an acti ve experimental phase, forms a part of cav ity quantum electrodynamics [1], a growing field spanning atomic physics and quantum optics with many potential applications. The Atom-Cavity "Molecule"Consider an atom in a cavity whose size matches exactly the wavelength of a photon the atom can emit in a transition between two of its energy levels.If the atom Is initially excited and the resonator empty, a photon will be radiated within a short period of time in the cavity.Since this photon is trapped in the atom's vicinity by the reflecting cavity walls, it will be absorbed at a later time, the atom jumping back to the upper level, com mencing an ideally endless cycle of photon emission and absorption processes.Re markably, the exchanged photon also me diates a small force between the atom and the cavity walls [2], in the same way as charged particles exert a force on each other by exchanging a photon, or atoms attract each other in a molecule by trading electrons.The molecule analogy can help us under stand some basic features of the atom-cavi ty system.Two atoms with chemical affinity exchange an electron at a rate which de pends on their distance apart.As a result, they experience a force, which either ties them together in a molecular bound state, or repels them from each other in an "antibind ing" state.The same physics goes on in the atom-cavity system, albeit at a quite diffe rent energy scale.This system has two energy eigenstates, namely a binding one in which the excitation is shared symmetrically between the atom and the cavity (sum of the excited atom with no photon and the deexcited atom with one photon), and an anti-
We present a study of collective multiphoton blockade in coherently driven atoms in a single-mode cavity. Considering two atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity, we show that the two-photon blockade with two-photon antibunching, and the three-photon blockade with three-photon antibunching can be observed simultaneously. The three-photon blockade probes both dressed states in the two-photon and three-photon spaces. The two-photon and three-photon blockades strongly depend on the location of the two atoms in the strong-coupling regime. The asymmetry in the atom-cavity coupling constants opens pathways for multiphoton blockade which is also shown to be sensitive to the atomic decay and pumping strengths. The work presented here predicts many quantum statistical features due to the collective behavior of atoms and can be useful to generate nonclassical photon pairs.