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Acta Physica Polonica A

Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Cold, Trapped Atoms

Jerzy Zachorowski, Tomasz Brzozowski, T. Pałasz, M. Zawada, Wojciech Gawlik

Published Jan 1, 2002• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

an d W. Ga w lik I nst yt ut F i zyki M. Smol u chowski ego, Uni wersytet Jagi ell o¥ski Reym on ta 4, 30-059 Kra k §w, Po l an d W e rep or t on our stu dies of ato ms contained in a ma gneto -optica l trap using the nonli near spectroscop y metho ds.A bsorption and four-w ave mi xing signals are recorded for the prob e fre quency near the coolin g transitio n frequency and the two metho ds are compared.T he di˜erences in the signal structure and their sensitivi ty on external conditio ns are discussed .It is revealed that central feature of these spectra consists of several contributions of di˜erent origin.

DOI
10.12693/aphyspola.101.61

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an d W. Ga w lik I nst yt ut F i zyki M. Smol u chowski ego, Uni wersytet Jagi ell o¥ski Reym on ta 4, 30-059 Kra k §w, Po l an d W e rep or t on our stu dies of ato ms contained in a ma gneto -optica l trap using the nonli near spectroscop y metho ds.A bsorption and four-w ave mi xing signals are recorded for the prob e fre quency near the coolin g transitio n frequency and the two metho ds are compared.T he di˜erences in the signal structure and their sensitivi ty on external conditio ns are discussed .It is revealed that central feature of these spectra consists of several contributions of di˜erent origin.
c h a and K. R z¨âew ski b a I nst i t ut e of E xp eri m ental P hysi cs, Opti cs D i vi sion W arsaw Uni versi ty , Hoâa 69, 00-681 W arsaw, Pol an d b Center for Theo reti cal Physi cs, Pol ish Aca dem y of Sciences al .Lo tni k §w 32/ 46, 02-668 W arsaw, Po l and W e st udy an ult ra cold dilute gas of bosonic ato ms in an optical lattice induced by intersecting laser b eams.A s a Ùrst appro ximation w e neglect conÙning p otential and atom {atom interactions.In t his case the Gross{ Pitae vs ki j equation reduces to simple Mathieu equation.U pon cho osing p erio dic boundary conditions this problem has well know n perio dic solution.T his simple picture allow s to demonstrate lo cali zation of the w ave packet and formation of the band structure.W e calcula te spectrum of the excited states as a function of the strength of mo dulati ng p otential and using a standard adiabatici ty criterion w e predict the most e£cient w ay to ramp up optical lattice , w ithout higher state excitation.Finall y, we discuss the in Ûuence of the atom{atom interaction (nonlinea rity ) on the adiabatic ity of the pro cess.
NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document. Investigations of optical processes for laser cooled and trapped atoms are described. Fluorescence from Cs atoms in a magneto-optical trap is detected under conditions of very low atomic density. Discrete steps are observed in the fluorescent signal versus time and are associated with the arrival and departure of individual trapped atoms. Histograms of the frequency of occurrence of a given level of fluorescence exhibit a series of uniformly spaced peaks that are attributed to the presence of N = 0, 1, 2 atoms in the trap. In addition, numerical absorption and emission spectra for three-level [...], [...], and V systems under intense radiations are calculated. Absorption spectra for a [...] system is used to explain the probe-wave amplification and absorption spectra recorded for Cs atoms cooled and confined in a magneto-optical trap, in which novel spectral features of narrow frequency widths with single-pass gain exceeding 20% are observed. The consequence of the optical gain is demonstrated to lead to negative radiation pressure, which is investigated together with other mechanical forces in the trap. Various alternative trapping schemes in three-level and two-level atoms are proposed as possible means to compress an atomic sample and demonstrated for a two-level magneto-optical trap.
Nonlinear spectroscopy of cold atoms has recently been reported for a sample of cesium atoms confined in a magnetooptical trap.1,2 In particular, we report measurements of the spectral response of the cold sample to a weak probe beam for a range of detunings and power for the saturating trapping beams. Transmission spectra for the probe beam reveal the presence of broad absorption and gain features as well as narrow resonances. The power dependence of the broad part of the spectrum can be reasonably well described by earlier work for two-level atoms in a strong field.3 However, narrow dispersive shaped features around the frequency of the trapping beams are also observed and can have appreciable single pass gain (>20%). An exploration of the correlation between the narrow spectroscopic features and the mechanical properties of the atomic sample leads to the observation of both positive and negative radiation pressure associated with stimulated absorption from and emission to the probe beam.
Sm ol uchow ski Insti tut e of Ph ysi cs, Jagi ell oni an Uni versi ty Reym onta 4, 30-059 Cra cow, Po l and ( Recei ved December 8, 2003; i n Ùnal for m Marc h 5, 2004)W e have observe d a Zeema n e˜e ct in an evanescent w ave absor ption in Rb v ap or with a sin gle-mo de t unable dio de laser .T he spectra are obtained for several magnetic Ùeld-and laser light-conÙgurati ons enablin g the observ ation of di˜erent ¤ and ¥ Zeeman split lines contribution.T he relative amplitud es and relative fre quencies of all Zeeman comp onents w ere calculated theoreticall y and compared w ith measured spectra.T he analysis of the data can lead to the determination of the polari zati on state of the evanescent w ave.PAC S numb ers: 42.25.Gy , 32. 60. + i
Sch oo l o f Sem icond uct i ng Co m p ou n ds, Ja szo wi ec 200 2 B ose{ E i n ste in C on d en sation in A to m i c G ases J. Z ac horo w sk i and W. Ga wl ik M. Sm ol ucho wski I nsti tut e of Ph ysi cs, Jagell oni an Uni versity Reym on ta 4, 30-059 Kra k §w, Po l an dT hi s pap er presen ts fun damenta l prin ciple s, characteristics, and limitati ons of v arious exp erimental metho ds of coolin g and trapping of neutral atoms by laser light and magnetic Ùelds.I n additio n to surveying the exp erimental techni ques, basic prop erties of quantum degenerate gases are discussed w ith particular emphasis on the Bose{ Einstei n condensate.W e also present main parameters and exp ected characteristics of the Ùrst Polish Bose{Einstei n condensate apparatus built in the N ational Lab oratory of A tomic, Molecula r, and O ptical Physics in T oru ¥, Poland.