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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Cold and dense cesium clouds in far-detuned dipole traps

B. Boiron, A. Michaud, J.M. Fournier, Laurent Simard, M. Sprenger, G. Grynberg, Ch Salomon

Published Aug 24, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Received 4 November 1997We study the behavior of cesium atoms confined in far-detuned laser traps and submitted to blue Sisyphuscooling. First, in a single focused yttrium aluminum garnet YAG beam, the atomic cloud has a rod shape witha6- 3mtransverse waist radius, a temperature of 2 K, and a transient density of 10
DOI
10.1109/eqec.1998.714920

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We study the behavior of cesium atoms confined in far-detuned laser traps and submitted to blue Sisyphus cooling. First, in a single focused yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) beam, the atomic cloud has a rod shape with a $6\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ transverse waist radius, a temperature of $2\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$, and a transient density of 1012atoms/cm3{}^{12}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3}12atoms/cm3. For this sample, we have not detected any influence of photon multiple scattering on the atomic temperature, in contrast to previous measurements in isotropic samples. Second, the YAG laser is used to produce a $29\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ period hexagonal optical lattice in which we directly observe the localization of the atoms by absorption imaging. Equilibrium densities on the order of 1013atoms/cm3{10}^{13}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3}1013atoms/cm3 are achieved in this structure.
The results of characterization of cold cloud of cesium (Cs) atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) have been presented. The MOT is a part of the Physics package of the Cs Fountain Clock being developed at National Physical Laboratory (NPL), India. The number of atoms, size and temperature of the cloud have been measured and calculated. It is also been investigated how the number of trapped atoms changes with the trapping laser’s beam intensity, detuning and magnetic-field gradient of the trap.
We have studied the behavior of cesium atoms cooled in six-beam "gray" optical molasses. Cooling occurs for a laser detuned to the blue side of the 6S126{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}6S21​​, $F=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ transition, and a Sisyphus-type effect accumulates the atoms in states not coupled to the light. We measure a minimum temperature of 1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}K at low atomic density. The typical cooling time is on the order of 1 ms. A linear dependence of the temperature versus atomic density is found with a slope of \ensuremath{\sim}0.6 \ensuremath{\mu}K/(1010{10}^{10}1010 atoms/cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3).
A small known number of cesium atoms is loaded from a magneto-optical trap into a far detuned, standing wave optical dipole trap. This trap is made of two counter-propagating Nd:YAG laser beams (/spl lambda/= 1064 nm) which give rise to a chain of potential wells with a depth of about 1 mK and an axial spacing of 532 nm. By fitting the axial intensity distribution with a Gaussian function, the positions of the individual atoms are determined automatically with a precision of 100 nm rms, mainly limited by photon statistics.