Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Cold and dense cesium clouds in far-detuned dipole traps

Denis Boiron, A. Michaud, J. M. Fournier, L. Simard, M. Sprenger, G. Grynberg, Ch Salomon

Published Jun 1, 1998• 92 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the behavior of cesium atoms confined in far-detuned laser traps and submitted to blue Sisyphus cooling. First, in a single focused yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) beam, the atomic cloud has a rod shape with a $6\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ transverse waist radius, a temperature of $2\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$, and a transient density of 10${}^{12}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3}$. For this sample, we have not detected any influence of photon multiple scattering on the atomic temperature, in contrast to previous measurements in isotropic samples. Second, the YAG laser is used to produce a $29\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ period hexagonal optical lattice in which we directly observe the localization of the atoms by absorption imaging. Equilibrium densities on the order of ${10}^{13}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ are achieved in this structure.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.r4106

Related papers

Cold and dense cesium clouds in far-detuned dipole traps

B. Boiron, A. Michaud, J.M. Fournier +4 more

Received 4 November 1997We study the behavior of cesium atoms confined in far-detuned laser traps and submitted to blue Sisyphuscooling. First, in a single focused yttrium aluminum garnet YAG beam, the atomic cloud has a rod shape witha6- 3mtransverse waist radius, a temperature of 2 K, and a transient density of 10

European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)•Aug 24, 2005•0 citations

Sideband cooling of neutral atoms in a far-detuned optical lattice

Hélène Perrin, Axel Kuhn, Isabelle Bouchoule +1 more

Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about ⟨ n v ⟩ = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to ⟨ n v ⟩ ≃ 2.4.

Europhysics Letters (EPL)•May 15, 1998•110 citations

Sideband Cooling Of Neutral Atoms In A Far-Detuned Optical Lattice

Hélène Perrin, Axel Kuhn, Isabelle Bouchoule +1 more

Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about nv = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to nv 2.4.

European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)•Aug 24, 2005•1 citation

Experimental Investigation of Three-Dimensional Single and Double optical Lattices

Harald Ellmann

A complete laser cooling setup was built, with focus on threedimensional near-resonant optical lattices for cesium. These consist of regularly ordered micropotentials, created by the interference of four laser beams. One key feature of optical lattices is an inherent ”Sisyphus cooling” process. It efficiently extracts kinetic energy from the atoms, leading to equilibrium temperatures of a few µK. The corresponding kinetic energy is lower than the depth of the potential wells, so that atoms can be trapped. We performed detailed studies of the cooling processes in optical lattices by using the time-of-flight and absorption-imaging techniques. We investigated the dependence of the equilibrium temperature on the optical lattice parameters, such as detuning, optical potential and lattice geometry. The presence of neighbouring transitions in the cesium hyperfine level structure was used to break symmetries in order to identify, which role “red” and “blue” transitions play in the cooling. We also examined the limits for the cooling process in optical lattices, and the possible difference in steady-state velocity distributions for different directions. Moreover, in collaboration with ´Ecole Normale Sup´erieure in Paris, numerical simulations were performed in order to get more insight in the cooling dynamics of optical lattices. Optical lattices can keep atoms almost perfectly isolated from the environment and have therefore been suggested as a platform for a host of possible experiments aimed at coherent quantum manipulations, such as spin-squeezing and the implementation of quantum logic-gates. We developed a novel way to trap two different cesium ground states in two distinct, interpenetrating optical lattices, and to change the distance between sites of one lattice relative to sites of the other lattice. This is a first step towards the implementation of quantum simulation schemes in optical lattices.

•Jan 1, 2002•0 citations

Laser cooling of cesium atoms in gray optical molasses down to 1.1 μK

Denis Boiron, A. Michaud, P. Lemonde +6 more

We have studied the behavior of cesium atoms cooled in six-beam "gray" optical molasses. Cooling occurs for a laser detuned to the blue side of the $6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $F=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ transition, and a Sisyphus-type effect accumulates the atoms in states not coupled to the light. We measure a minimum temperature of 1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}K at low atomic density. The typical cooling time is on the order of 1 ms. A linear dependence of the temperature versus atomic density is found with a slope of \ensuremath{\sim}0.6 \ensuremath{\mu}K/(${10}^{10}$ atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$).

Physical Review A•Jun 1, 1996•91 citations

Temperature and optical pumping rates in a bichromatic 3D Optical Lattice

Harald Ellmann, Johan Jersblad, Anders Kastberg

A complete laser cooling setup was built, with focus on threedimensional near-resonant optical lattices for cesium. These consist of regularly ordered micropotentials, created by the interference of four laser beams. One key feature of optical lattices is an inherent ”Sisyphus cooling” process. It efficiently extracts kinetic energy from the atoms, leading to equilibrium temperatures of a few µK. The corresponding kinetic energy is lower than the depth of the potential wells, so that atoms can be trapped.We performed detailed studies of the cooling processes in optical lattices by using the time-of-flight and absorption-imaging techniques. We investigated the dependence of the equilibrium temperature on the optical lattice parameters, such as detuning, optical potential and lattice geometry. The presence of neighbouring transitions in the cesium hyperfine level structure was used to break symmetries in order to identify, which role “red” and “blue” transitions play in the cooling. We also examined the limits for the cooling process in optical lattices, and the possible difference in steady-state velocity distributions for different directions. Moreover, in collaboration with ´Ecole Normale Sup´erieure in Paris, numerical simulations were performed in order to get more insight in the cooling dynamics of optical lattices.Optical lattices can keep atoms almost perfectly isolated from the environment and have therefore been suggested as a platform for a host of possible experiments aimed at coherent quantum manipulations, such as spin-squeezing and the implementation of quantum logic-gates. We developed a novel way to trap two different cesium ground states in two distinct, interpenetrating optical lattices, and to change the distance between sites of one lattice relative to sites of the other lattice. This is a first step towards the implementation of quantum simulation schemes in optical lattices.

•Jan 1, 2002•0 citations
We study the behavior of cesium atoms confined in far-detuned laser traps and submitted to blue Sisyphus cooling. First, in a single focused yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) beam, the atomic cloud has a rod shape with a 6\ensuremath−\ensuremathμm6\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}6\ensuremath−\ensuremathμm transverse waist radius, a temperature of 2\ensuremathμK2\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}2\ensuremathμK, and a transient density of 1012atoms/cm3{}^{12}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3}12atoms/cm3. For this sample, we have not detected any influence of photon multiple scattering on the atomic temperature, in contrast to previous measurements in isotropic samples. Second, the YAG laser is used to produce a 29\ensuremath−\ensuremathμm29\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}29\ensuremath−\ensuremathμm period hexagonal optical lattice in which we directly observe the localization of the atoms by absorption imaging. Equilibrium densities on the order of 1013atoms/cm3{10}^{13}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3}1013atoms/cm3 are achieved in this structure.
Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about ⟨ n v ⟩ = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to ⟨ n v ⟩ ≃ 2.4.
Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about nv = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to nv 2.4.
A complete laser cooling setup was built, with focus on threedimensional near-resonant optical lattices for cesium. These consist of regularly ordered micropotentials, created by the interference of four laser beams. One key feature of optical lattices is an inherent ”Sisyphus cooling” process. It efficiently extracts kinetic energy from the atoms, leading to equilibrium temperatures of a few µK. The corresponding kinetic energy is lower than the depth of the potential wells, so that atoms can be trapped. We performed detailed studies of the cooling processes in optical lattices by using the time-of-flight and absorption-imaging techniques. We investigated the dependence of the equilibrium temperature on the optical lattice parameters, such as detuning, optical potential and lattice geometry. The presence of neighbouring transitions in the cesium hyperfine level structure was used to break symmetries in order to identify, which role “red” and “blue” transitions play in the cooling. We also examined the limits for the cooling process in optical lattices, and the possible difference in steady-state velocity distributions for different directions. Moreover, in collaboration with ´Ecole Normale Sup´erieure in Paris, numerical simulations were performed in order to get more insight in the cooling dynamics of optical lattices. Optical lattices can keep atoms almost perfectly isolated from the environment and have therefore been suggested as a platform for a host of possible experiments aimed at coherent quantum manipulations, such as spin-squeezing and the implementation of quantum logic-gates. We developed a novel way to trap two different cesium ground states in two distinct, interpenetrating optical lattices, and to change the distance between sites of one lattice relative to sites of the other lattice. This is a first step towards the implementation of quantum simulation schemes in optical lattices.
We have studied the behavior of cesium atoms cooled in six-beam "gray" optical molasses. Cooling occurs for a laser detuned to the blue side of the 6S126{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}6S21​​, $F=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ transition, and a Sisyphus-type effect accumulates the atoms in states not coupled to the light. We measure a minimum temperature of 1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}K at low atomic density. The typical cooling time is on the order of 1 ms. A linear dependence of the temperature versus atomic density is found with a slope of \ensuremath{\sim}0.6 \ensuremath{\mu}K/(1010{10}^{10}1010 atoms/cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3).
A complete laser cooling setup was built, with focus on threedimensional near-resonant optical lattices for cesium. These consist of regularly ordered micropotentials, created by the interference of four laser beams. One key feature of optical lattices is an inherent ”Sisyphus cooling” process. It efficiently extracts kinetic energy from the atoms, leading to equilibrium temperatures of a few µK. The corresponding kinetic energy is lower than the depth of the potential wells, so that atoms can be trapped.We performed detailed studies of the cooling processes in optical lattices by using the time-of-flight and absorption-imaging techniques. We investigated the dependence of the equilibrium temperature on the optical lattice parameters, such as detuning, optical potential and lattice geometry. The presence of neighbouring transitions in the cesium hyperfine level structure was used to break symmetries in order to identify, which role “red” and “blue” transitions play in the cooling. We also examined the limits for the cooling process in optical lattices, and the possible difference in steady-state velocity distributions for different directions. Moreover, in collaboration with ´Ecole Normale Sup´erieure in Paris, numerical simulations were performed in order to get more insight in the cooling dynamics of optical lattices.Optical lattices can keep atoms almost perfectly isolated from the environment and have therefore been suggested as a platform for a host of possible experiments aimed at coherent quantum manipulations, such as spin-squeezing and the implementation of quantum logic-gates. We developed a novel way to trap two different cesium ground states in two distinct, interpenetrating optical lattices, and to change the distance between sites of one lattice relative to sites of the other lattice. This is a first step towards the implementation of quantum simulation schemes in optical lattices.