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Physical Review A

Cold atomic clouds and Bose-Einstein condensates passing through a Gaussian beam

Shuyu Zhou, Zhenglu Duan, Jing Qian, Zhen Xu, Weiping Zhang, Yuzhu Wang

Published Sep 14, 2009• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have experimentally studied and numerically simulated the behavior of cold atomic clouds and Bose-Einstein condensates passing through a far red-detuned Gaussian beam. Several exotic phenomena such as the focusing and advancement of atomic clouds have been exhibited. The cooling effect and the effective interaction length of the dipole potential to the atoms have also been discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.033411

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We have experimentally studied and numerically simulated the behavior of cold atomic clouds and Bose-Einstein condensates passing through a far red-detuned Gaussian beam. Several exotic phenomena such as the focusing and advancement of atomic clouds have been exhibited. The cooling effect and the effective interaction length of the dipole potential to the atoms have also been discussed.
This work has theoretically studied the optical properties, such as the object-image relation and the focal length of the atom-optical lens created by far red-detuned Gaussian laser beam perpendicular to the propagation direction of the atomic cloud. Furthermore we have thoroughly studied the collimation effect when the cold atomic clouds passing through the laser beam. The effective transverse temperature can reach tens nanokelvin, which is far smaller than that by 1D polarization gradient cooling.
This work has theoretically studied the optical properties, such as the object-image relation and the focal length of the atom-optical lens created by far red-detuned Gaussian laser beam perpendicular to the propagation direction of the atomic cloud. Furthermore we have thoroughly studied the collimation effect when the cold atomic clouds passing through the laser beam. The effective transverse temperature can reach tens nanokelvin, which is far smaller than that by 1D polarization gradient cooling.
A Fourier optics approach can be a concise and powerful tool to solve problems in atom optics. In this report, we adopt it to investigate the kinetic behavior of cold atoms passing through a far red-detuned Gaussian beam. We demonstrate that the aberration has significant influence on the evolution of the atomic cloud, which is rooted in the deviation of the Gaussian profile from the quadratic form. In particular, we observe an intriguing effect analogous to Fresnel's double prism with cold atoms. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation.
We have demonstrated an atom-optical lens, with the advantage of a small scale and flexible adjustment of the parameters, realized by a far red-detuned Gaussian laser beam perpendicular to the propagation direction of the cold atomic cloud. The one-dimensional transverse focusing effect of cold atomic clouds at the temperature order of 1 μμμK freely falling through the atom-optical lens on the micron scale have been studied theoretically and then verified experimentally. It is found that theory and experiment are in good agreement.
With the maturation of experimental laser cooling and atom trapping techniques, various types of atomic optical devices developed by using cold atoms as media have been born in recent years, which play an important role in the field of atomic physics. In atomic optics, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) has been one of the hot topics in the study of scientists. It describes the phenomenon that bosons are concentrated in the lowest energy quantum state at extremely low temperatures. In general, atomic BEC can be expressed in the form of quantum wave packet. On the basis of previous studies, two kinds of motion behaviors of Bose-Einstein condensates passing through Gaussian laser field are investigated in this paper, namely the motion phenomena of atoms under the acceleration field and the S-wave scattering collision between atoms. The atomic motion equation is derived by establishing the theoretical model, and then the numerical simulation is carried out by MATLAB program. The results show that the acceleration field only affects the velocity of the wave packet. The attractive interatomic collision will cause the collapse of the wave packet. On the contrary, the repulsion will accelerate the diffusion of the wave packet. These results will provide more theoretical and feasible schemes for studying the coherent manipulation of atoms and laser in the future.
We propose methods to generate and manipulate vortex dipoles in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate using Gaussian beams of red-or blue-detuned laser.Vortex dipoles with controlled velocities are shown to be created and launched by a red-detuned beam and by two blue-detuned beams.Critical beam velocities for the vortex nucleation are investigated.The launched vortex dipoles can be trapped, curved, accelerated, and decelerated by using Gaussian laser beams.Collisions between vortex dipoles are demonstrated.