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arXiv:1106.1314 · Physical Review X

Controlled Generation and Manipulation of Vortex Dipoles in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Tomohiko Aioi, Tsuyoshi Kadokura, T. Kishimoto, Hiroki Saito

Published Oct 17, 2011• 61 citations
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Abstract

We propose methods to generate and manipulate vortex dipoles in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate using Gaussian beams of red-or blue-detuned laser.Vortex dipoles with controlled velocities are shown to be created and launched by a red-detuned beam and by two blue-detuned beams.Critical beam velocities for the vortex nucleation are investigated.The launched vortex dipoles can be trapped, curved, accelerated, and decelerated by using Gaussian laser beams.Collisions between vortex dipoles are demonstrated.

DOI
10.1103/physrevx.1.021003

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We investigate vortex shedding from a moving penetrable obstacle in a highly oblate Bose-Einstein condensate. The penetrable obstacle is formed by a repulsive Gaussian laser beam that has the potential barrier height lower than the chemical potential of the condensate. The moving obstacle periodically generates vortex dipoles and the vortex shedding frequency fv{f}_{v}fv​ linearly increases with the obstacle velocity vvv as ${f}_{v}=a(v\ensuremath{-}{v}_{c})$, where vc{v}_{c}vc​ is a critical velocity. Based on the periodic shedding behavior, we demonstrate deterministic generation of a single vortex dipole by applying a short linear sweep of a laser beam. This method will allow further controlled vortex experiments such as dipole-dipole collisions.
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We propose and numerically validate an experimentally feasible on-demand protocol for the nucleation and manipulation of stable quantum vortex rings in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. The method relies on sweeping a laser-sheet barrier that locally constricts the superflow and triggers vortex-ring formation. By tuning the barrier height and width, and by scanning the barrier velocity, we identify the onset of periodic generation of vortex rings above the critical velocity and achieve direct, deterministic control over the ring nucleation position, radius, and hence propagation speed. After its formation, optical potentials are applied to reshape the vortex ring, creating clean Kelvin-wave excitations. Our results provide a foundation for systematic studies of three-dimensional vortices in atomic superfluids and open the door to tailored vortex dynamics and interactions, enabling controlled access to quantum turbulence.
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