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Scalable Integration of Solid State Quantum Memories into a Photonic Network

Sara Mouradian, Tim Schröder, Carl B. Poitras, Luozhou Li, Jordan A. Goldstein, Edward H. Chen, Jiabao Zheng, Igal Bayn, Jacob Mower, Nicholas C. Harris, Andrew E. Dane, Karl K. Berggren, Michal F. Lipson, Dirk Englund

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Single nitrogen vacancy centers in nanostructured diamond form high quality nodes integrated into low-loss photonic circuitry, enabling on-chip detection and signal manipulation. Pre-selection provides near-unity yield. Long coherence times are demonstrated in integrated nodes.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2015.fth4b.6

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Sep 16, 2016•0 citations
A central goal of quantum information science is the entanglement of multiple quantum memories that can be individually controlled. Here, we discuss progress towards photonic integrated circuits designed to enable efficient optical interactions between multiple spin qubits in nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We describe NV-nanocavity systems in the strong Purcell regime with optical quality factors approaching 10,000 and electron spin coherence times exceeding 200 μs; implantation of NVs with nanometer-scale apertures, including into cavity field maxima; hybrid on-chip networks for integration of multiple functional NV-cavity systems; and scalable integration of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors on-chip.
As the field of solid-state quantum engineering matures, it is increasingly necessary to produce quantum emitters with narrow optical transitions and long spin coherence times aligned to nanophotonic structures [1]. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect center in diamond is a well-suited candidate owing to a spin ground state with a long coherence time [2], nearby nuclear spins for quantum memories [3], and spin-selective optical transitions allowing for efficient optical spin initialization and readout [4].
Candidate platforms in the global endeavour to build long distance quantum networks need to satisfy a variety of properties to act as a network node. These include - interfacing between stationary spins and photonic flying qubits, long quantum memory times, indistinguishable photons and a large photon flux. Cavities operating in the weak coupling regime offer the advantages that the spontaneous emission rate of the emitter is enhanced while the loss rate from the cavity is also high. With optimized output couplers, this results in an increased photon extraction efficiency and the proportion of coherent photons is also improved. Cavity-coupled Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (NV) fulfill most of these criteria with one weakness remaining - sensitivity to electronic noise [1]–[3].
Point defects in diamond, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. These defects are promising candidates for quantum information science, serving as deterministic single-photon sources and solid-state quantum memories. They have also been employed as nanoscale quantum sensors to detect various physical quantities, including magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature, owing to their long spin coherence time at room temperature. Development of these diamond-based quantum technologies has been rapidly boosted by a recent quantum leap in nanofabrication technologies for high-quality single-crystal diamond. Incorporating these color centers into diamond nanostructures with mature integrated photonics provides a promising route to build scalable and practical systems for quantum applications. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms.
The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising solid-state quantum memory. However, developing networks comprising such quantum memories is limited by the fabrication yield of the quantum nodes and the collection efficiency of indistinguishable photons. In this letter, we report on advances on a hybrid quantum system that allows for scalable production of networks, even with low-yield node fabrication. Moreover, an NV center in a simple single mode diamond waveguide is shown in simulation and experiment to couple well to a single mode SiN waveguide with a simple adiabatic taper for optimal mode transfer. In addition, cavity enhancement of the zero phonon line of the NV center with a resonance coupled to the waveguide mode allows a simulated <1800 fold increase in the collection of photon states coherent with the state of the NV center into a single frequency and spatial mode.