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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Towards scalable networks of solid-state quantum memories in a photonic integrated circuit (Presentation Recording)

Dirk Englund

Published Sep 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A central goal of quantum information science is the entanglement of multiple quantum memories that can be individually controlled. Here, we discuss progress towards photonic integrated circuits designed to enable efficient optical interactions between multiple spin qubits in nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We describe NV-nanocavity systems in the strong Purcell regime with optical quality factors approaching 10,000 and electron spin coherence times exceeding 200 μs; implantation of NVs with nanometer-scale apertures, including into cavity field maxima; hybrid on-chip networks for integration of multiple functional NV-cavity systems; and scalable integration of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors on-chip.

DOI
10.1117/12.2189923

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A central goal of quantum information science is the entanglement of multiple quantum memories that can be individually controlled. Here, we discuss progress towards photonic integrated circuits designed to enable efficient optical interactions between multiple spin qubits in nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We describe NV-nanocavity systems in the strong Purcell regime with optical quality factors approaching 10,000 and electron spin coherence times exceeding 200 μs; implantation of NVs with nanometer-scale apertures, including into cavity field maxima; hybrid on-chip networks for integration of multiple functional NV-cavity systems; and scalable integration of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors on-chip.
A central aim of quantum information processing is the efficient entanglement of multiple stationary quantum memories via photons. Recently, quantum entanglement and teleportation have been shown between two nitrogen-vacancy memories (NV)1, but scaling to larger networks requires more efficient spin-photon interfaces, using optical resonators and efficient nanophotonic collection strategies. Here, we discuss progress towards the development of on-chip photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with multiple NV quantum memories entangled via photons.
A central aim of quantum information processing is the efficient entanglement of multiple stationary quantum memories via photons. Among solid-state systems, the nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond has emerged as an excellent optically addressable memory with second-scale electron spin coherence times. Recently, quantum entanglement and teleportation have been shown between two nitrogen-vacancy memories, but scaling to larger networks requires more efficient spin-photon interfaces such as optical resonators. Here we report such nitrogen-vacancy-nanocavity systems in the strong Purcell regime with optical quality factors approaching 10,000 and electron spin coherence times exceeding 200 μs using a silicon hard-mask fabrication process. This spin-photon interface is integrated with on-chip microwave striplines for coherent spin control, providing an efficient quantum memory for quantum networks. Nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond have established themselves as excellent candidates for solid-state quantum memories due to their optical addressability and long coherence times. Here, the authors report on a diamond-nanocavity system with improved spin-photon interface performances.
Abstract : This report summarizes our recent progress on the development of photonic nanostructures for sensing and information processing. We have developed a nitrogen vacancy (NV) spin qubit-cavity system in the strong Purcell regime in which the spin qubit predominantly interacts with the cavity mode. This system is realized in a single-crystal diamond photonic crystal nanocavity with quality factors (Q) up to 104. Furthermore, we measure electron spin coherence times of cavity-coupled NVs of 200 us. We have also developed techniques for NV-based super-resolution imaging and precision sensing, using high-speed parallel readout on a microscope camera; and we have developed techniques for precision clocks based on collective oscillation of ensembles of NVs. We also report on graphene electro-optic devices and sensors.
Nanophotonics provides a promising approach to advance quantum technology by replicating fundamental building blocks of nanoscale quantum optic systems in large numbers with high reproducibility on monolithic chips. While photonic integrated circuit components and single-photon detectors offer attractive performance on silicon chips, the large-scale integration of individually accessible quantum emitters has remained a challenge. Here, we demonstrate simultaneous optical access to several integrated solid-state spin systems with Purcell-enhanced coupling of single photons with high modal purity from lithographically positioned nitrogen vacancy centers into photonic integrated circuits. Photonic crystal cavities embedded in networks of tantalum pentoxide-on-insulator waveguides provide efficient interfaces to quantum emitters that allow us to optically detect magnetic resonances (ODMR) as desired in quantum sensing. Nanophotonic networks that provide configurable optical interfaces to nanoscale quantum emitters via many independent channels will allow for novel functionality in photonic quantum information processors and quantum sensing schemes.
A central goal in many quantum information processing applications is a network of quantum memories that can be entangled with each other while being individually controlled and measured with high fidelity. This goal has motivated the development of programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with integrated spin quantum memories using diamond color center spin-photon interfaces. However, this approach introduces a challenge in the microwave control of individual spins within closely packed registers. Here, we present a quantum-memory-integrated photonics platform capable of (i) the integration of multiple diamond color center spins into a cryogenically compatible, high-speed programmable PIC platform; (ii) selective manipulation of individual spin qubits addressed via tunable magnetic field gradients; and (iii) simultaneous control of multiple qubits using numerically optimized microwave pulse shaping. The combination of localized optical control, enabled by the PIC platform, together with selective spin manipulation opens the path to scalable quantum networks on intra-chip and inter-chip platforms.