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Chinese Optics Letters

Scheme for entangling atom-photon pairs via an input light in superposition state

戴启润, Jiqing Fu, 景辉

Published Jan 1, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a feasible scheme to create macroscopically entangled atom-photon pairs by preparing an input optical superposition state.Several interesting non-classical quantum statistical effects like the atomic squeezed effects are clearly demonstrated.The making and manipulation of entangled atom-photon pairs are useful for, e.g., high-precision interferometry and quantum information science.

DOI
10.3788/col20090705.0437

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We propose a feasible scheme to create macroscopically entangled atom-photon pairs by preparing an input optical superposition state.Several interesting non-classical quantum statistical effects like the atomic squeezed effects are clearly demonstrated.The making and manipulation of entangled atom-photon pairs are useful for, e.g., high-precision interferometry and quantum information science.
Multiparticle entangled states generated via interaction between narrowband light and an ensemble of identical two-level atoms are considered. Depending on the initial photon statistics, correlation between atoms and photons can give rise to entangled states of these systems. It is found that the state of any pair of atoms interacting with weak single-mode squeezed light is inseparable and robust against decay. Optical schemes for preparing entangled states of atomic ensembles by projective measurement are described.
In 1935, Erwin Schrödinger put forward his famous gedanken experiment in which a microscopic degree of freedom - the emission state of a radioactive atom - and a macroscopic, classical state - the life or death of a cat - are entangled [1]. The resulting state is dubbed a Schrodinger-cat state. According to quantum theory, a measurement of the atom in a superposition basis projects the cat into a macroscopic superposition of being alive and dead. Here, we use coherent laser fields with different optical phases as a macroscopic model system and generate entangled Schrodinger-cat states in a deterministic way [3]. We reflect the coherent pulses from an optical cavity that contains a single strongly-coupled atom. This entangles the spin of the atom with the optical phase of the light field [2]. By manipulating and detecting the atomic state, we create a plethora of flying optical coherent-state superpositions. We reconstruct the corresponding Wigner functions (see Fig. 1) to demonstrate the tunability and non-classicality of the produced light state.
We propose an enhanced optical interferometer based on tailored non-classical light generated by nonlinear dynamics and projective measurements in a three-level atom cavity QED system. A coherent state in the cavity becomes dynamically entangled with two ground states of the atom and is transformed to a macroscopic superposition state via a projective measurement on the atom. We show that the resulting highly non-classical state can improve interferometric precision measurements well beyond the shot-noise limit once combined with a classical laser pulse at the input of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. For a practical implementation, we identify an efficient phase shift estimation scheme based on the counting of photons at the interferometer output. Photon losses and photon-counting errors deteriorate the interferometer sensitivity, but we demonstrate that it still can be significantly better than the shot-noise limit under realistic conditions.