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16th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics as a Key to High Technology

Macroscopic superposition states of light via two-photon resonant interaction of atoms with cavity field

Vladimír Bužek

Published Jul 26, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Recently considerable attention has been devoted to description of macroscopic superpositions of coherent states of lightl. This interest in part arises due to the fact that quantum interference be- tween component states leads to various nonclassical effects such as quadrature squeezing, higher order squeezing, sub-Poissonian photon statistics and oscillations in the photon number distribution.

DOI
10.1117/12.2308453

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Recently considerable attention has been devoted to description of macroscopic superpositions of coherent states of lightl. This interest in part arises due to the fact that quantum interference be- tween component states leads to various nonclassical effects such as quadrature squeezing, higher order squeezing, sub-Poissonian photon statistics and oscillations in the photon number distribution.
This issue, the largest issue of Optics Express to date, focuses on some recent developments in the generation and application of novel quantum states of light, particularly those quantum states of light that manifest one or more of the following characteristics upon detection: quadrature squeezing, sub-Poissonian photon statistics, or nonclassical photon correlation. The interest in such quantum states of light stems not only from their fundamental importance, but also from their potential utility in practical applications. The sensitivity of many optical measurements that can be made with laser light can be enhanced by use of such light states.
In this paper we discuss the nonclassical properties of quantum superpositions of coherent states of light. Using general expressions for the Wigner functions of superposition states we analyze the consequences of quantum interference between coherent states. We describe in detail nonclassical properties of a superposition of two coherent states. In particular, we study the oscillatory behavior of the photon number distribution of the even and odd coherent states. We show under which conditions a superposition of two coherent states can exhibit second- and fourth-order squeezing or sub-Poissonian photon statistics. We examine the sensitivity of nonclassical effects such as oscillations in the photon number distribution or second-order squeezing to dissipation. We demonstrate that quantities such as the photon number distribution and interferences in phase space are highly sensitive to even a quite small dissipative coupling, because they depend on all moments of the field observables, and higher moments decay more rapidly than lower moments. Quantities such as quadrature squeezing, on the other hand, are more robust against dissipation because they involve only lower moments. Finally, we find a remarkable effect whereby fourth-order squeezing is generated by damping.
The investigation of photon statistics and quadrature squeezing in superpositions of two coherent states under the influence of a continuous measurement of photon number shows that the photon statistics of the cavity mode oscillates between sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian distributions and that the quadrature fluctuation oscillates between squeezing and nonsqueezing at each time when one photon of a cavity mode is registered by a counter. These oscillatory behaviors are caused by the influence of the continuous measurement of photon number and the quantum interference between the two coherent states in the superposition.