The quantum-mechanical superposition of two coherent states of identical mean photon number but different phases yields a state that can exhibit sub-Poissonian and oscillatory photon statistics, as well as squeezing.
We consider the quantum superposition of two coherent states shifted in phase by 3π/2, |α⟩ and |− i α⟩, as well as special states that are characterized solely with respect to amplitude α. According to analysis of nonclassical properties such as oscillatory and sub-Poissonian distribution of photon numbers, photon antibunching, quadrature squeezing, and negativity of Wigner function, it is concluded that the considered superposition state is a nonclassical state. Also, the special state is found to exhibit even stronger nonclassical features when relative phase ϕ of the superposition is equal to the average photon number |α| 2 .
We analyze statistical properties of multicomponent superpositions of coherent states of light amplified by quantum-mechanical amplifiers with reduced quantum fluctuations. We show that sub-Poissonian (i.e., amplitude-squeezed) amplifiers can transform any initial superposition of coherent states of light into a nonclassical state with a high degree of sub-Poissonian photon statistics. Simultaneously the shape of the photon-number distribution of the initial state of light is preserved but shifted toward higher photon numbers. On the other hand, we show that phase-sensitive (i.e., quadrature-squeezed) amplifiers may preserve the initial reduction of quadrature fluctuations (quadrature squeezing). We show that by using amplifiers with reduced quantum noise one can, in principle, control the influence of the noise transferred from the amplifier to the system.
The investigation of photon statistics and quadrature squeezing in superpositions of two coherent states under the influence of a continuous measurement of photon number shows that the photon statistics of the cavity mode oscillates between sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian distributions and that the quadrature fluctuation oscillates between squeezing and nonsqueezing at each time when one photon of a cavity mode is registered by a counter. These oscillatory behaviors are caused by the influence of the continuous measurement of photon number and the quantum interference between the two coherent states in the superposition.