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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Low temperature spectroscopy of Yb/sup 3+/:YVO/sub 4/

Christian Kränkel, D. Fagundes‐Peters, V. Péters, K. Petermann, Günter Huber

Published Jan 25, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we have measured the fluorescence and the absorption of Yb/sup 3+/:YVO/sub 4/ at low temperature in order to determine the splitting of the three stark-levels in the upper /sup 2/F/sub 5/2/ and four stark-levels in the lower /sup 2/F/sub 7/2/ multiplet. The results are in good agreement with the values calculated by the Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg-method.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2005.1568113

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In this paper, we have measured the fluorescence and the absorption of Yb/sup 3+/:YVO/sub 4/ at low temperature in order to determine the splitting of the three stark-levels in the upper /sup 2/F/sub 5/2/ and four stark-levels in the lower /sup 2/F/sub 7/2/ multiplet. The results are in good agreement with the values calculated by the Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg-method.
A detailed spectroscopic study of Yb3+:CaF2{\text{Yb}}^{3+}:{\text{CaF}}_{2}Yb3+:CaF2​ is made by using laser selective excitation, low-temperature time-resolved fluorescence, and Raman techniques. Three dominant types of Yb3+{\text{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+ isolated ion centers are identified at very low (0.03 at. (0.03\text{ }\text{at}\text{.}\text{ }%)(0.03 at.  dopant concentration: two of them with cubic and tetragonal symmetries and the third one not clearly identified but likely of trigonal symmetry. Fluorescence decays strongly differ from one site to another. The overall measured positions of the Stark sublevels of the 2F7/2{^{2}F}_{7/2}2F7/2​ and 2F5/2{^{2}F}_{5/2}2F5/2​ multiplets are satisfactorily explained by the crystal-field calculations. On the other hand, at higher dopant concentrations, only one dominant class of Yb3+{\text{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+ centers occurs which corresponds to some hexameric cluster in which the Yb3+{\text{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+ ions site in nearly tetragonal crystal-field environments and whose energy-level positions are discussed and compared with those previously reported in the literature.
The line strengths of indirect electric dipole and magnetic dipole transitions between Stark sublevels of the Yb 3+ impurity ion in a YAG crystal are calculated. The intensity’s parameters are determined, and the spectroscopic characteristics of inter-Stark transitions (probabilities of spontaneous transitions and radiative lifetimes of Stark sublevels of excited multiplet, fluorescence branching ratios, transition cross sections, and absorption coefficients) are computed. Quantitative calculations of spectroscopic parameters revealed a quite reasonable agreement with experimental data.
(Yb:YLF) for the application of laser cooling. Time-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy reveals a temperature dependence of the radiative lifetime which we explain by the Boltzmann distribution of excited ions in the upper Stark levels. The emission cross sections of Yb:YLF from 17 K to 440 K are revised using the temperature-dependent radiative lifetimes from fluorescence spectra. We provide fit equations for the peak values of important transitions as a function of temperature, which is also useful for the design of Yb:YLF laser oscillators and amplifiers operated at cryogenic temperatures. Based on our spectroscopic data, we show the prerequisite crystal purity to achieve laser cooling below liquid nitrogen temperatures.