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Acta Physica Sinica

An auto-compensating and efficient differential phase shift quantum key distribution system

Lin Yi-Man, Ruisheng Liang, Lu Yi-Qun, Lu Hong, Banghong Guo, Songhao Liu, (1)佛山科学技术学院光电子与物理学系，佛山 528000; (2)华南师范大学信息光电子科技学院光子信息技术广东省高校重点实验室，广州 510631; (3)华南师范大学信息光电子科技学院光子信息技术广东省高校重点实验室，广州 510631;佛山科学技术学院光电子与物理学系，佛山 528000

Published Jan 1, 2007• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an improved differential phase shift quantum key distribution schemewhich features auto-compensation，high efficiency，and excellent practicality. Alice modulates continuous laser using an intensity modulator based on polarization to generate coherent pulse train. Bob employs a Fraday-Michelson interferometer instead of a traditional M-Z interferometer，which automatically compensates for the polarization mode dispersion caused by the changes of environment and improves the stability of the interference visibility. The present scheme not only has a simpler configuration，but also offers a higher key creation efficiency than traditional schemes. Furthermore，it enhances the security of the system. With the proposed experimental setup，a stable quantum key distribution was performed over 80km fiber with a quantum bit-error rate of less than 4%.

DOI
10.7498/aps.56.3931

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ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations
We present an improved differential phase shift quantum key distribution schemewhich features auto-compensation，high efficiency，and excellent practicality. Alice modulates continuous laser using an intensity modulator based on polarization to generate coherent pulse train. Bob employs a Fraday-Michelson interferometer instead of a traditional M-Z interferometer，which automatically compensates for the polarization mode dispersion caused by the changes of environment and improves the stability of the interference visibility. The present scheme not only has a simpler configuration，but also offers a higher key creation efficiency than traditional schemes. Furthermore，it enhances the security of the system. With the proposed experimental setup，a stable quantum key distribution was performed over 80km fiber with a quantum bit-error rate of less than 4%.
We propose an auto-compensating differential phase shift scheme for quantum key distribution with a high key-creation efficiency, which skillfully makes use of automatic alignment of the photon polarization states in optical fiber with modified Michelson interferometers composed of unequal arms with Faraday mirrors at the ends. The Faraday-mirrors-based Michelson interferometers not only function as pulse splitters, but also enable inherent compensation of polarization mode dispersion in the optic-fiber paths at both Alice's and Bob's sites. The sequential pulses encoded by differential phase shifts pass through the quantum channel with the same polarization states, resulting in a stable key distribution immune to the polarization mode dispersion in the quantum channel. Such a system features perfect stability and higher key creation efficiency over traditional schemes.
We propose and demonstrate an improved differential phase shift key distribution scheme. Alice uses a pulsed laser source and two cascaded fiber loops to get coherent pulses, then modulates them randomly under differential phase shift scheme, which compensates for the random polarization mode dispersion and phase shift. An interferometer made up of two Faraday mirrors is employed to detect single photon under gate mode. In one-way transmission, QKD is free from Trojan attack. Our experiment at setup can work stably for a long time (at least 24h) with an error ratio of 3%. The stable scheme is efficient, economical and favorable for practical application.
A new differential phase shift quantum key distribution system based on the intensity modulator with Faraday-Michelson interferometer is demonstrated experimentally. Some technologies are employed to improve the performance of the quantum key distribution system. These technologies include the clock generation technology of arbitrary frequency by a small scale frequency-split and phase locked loop scheme, the new method to acquire the half-wave voltage of the phase modulator with a high accuracy in the condition of the single photon count, and the auto-compensated polarization technology by the Faraday-Michelson interferometer. Finally, the quantum key distribution is achieved with a quantum bit error rate of 3.9% when the transmission distance reaches 50 km.
An improved DPS-QKD scheme is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. At Alice's site，we use a M-Z interferometer to produce two coherent pulses. At Bob's site，a Faraday-mirrors-based Michelson interferometer is used instead of a M-Z interferometer to auto-compensate for the phase drifts and polarization mode dispersions in the fiber. It enhances the security of the whole system to use the two quantum cryptography protocols (namely the two pulse DPS-QKD scheme associated with the BB84 scheme). It is shown in our experiment that such a system features perfect stability with a quantum bit error rate less than 5% and high key generation rate. This scheme has been implemented successfully during the 80km fiber transmission.
This paper presents novel quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes that use differential phases of sequential pulses as an information carrier. Alice sends a photon in a linear superposition state of three temporal slots, in which each amplitude is phase-modulated by {0,π}. Bob measures the phase difference of an asymmetric interferometer, and tells Alice time-instance at which the photon was counted. From this time information and her modulation data, Alice knows which detector counted the photon in Bob s site. Then, the two parties create a secret key. The scheme is suitable for fiber transmission systems and offers key creation efficiency higher than conventional phase-encoding QKD. The above scheme utilizes fully non-orthogonal four states. Differential phase shift QKD utilizing two non-orthogonal states is also presented. Alice sends a coherent pulse train with less than one photon per pulse, which is phase modulated by {0,π} for each pulse, and Bob measures the pulse train by a one-bit delay circuit. The system has a simple configuration such that Alice has no interferometer and sends no intense reference pulse, unlike to conventional QKD scheme using two non-orthogonal states, and also has an advantage of high key creation efficiency.