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Acta Physica Sinica

A new differential phase shift quantum key distribution system with Faraday-Michelson interferometer

Zhengjun Wei, Wan Wei, Jindong Wang, Liao Chang-Jun, Songhao Liu

Published Jan 1, 2011• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new differential phase shift quantum key distribution system based on the intensity modulator with Faraday-Michelson interferometer is demonstrated experimentally. Some technologies are employed to improve the performance of the quantum key distribution system. These technologies include the clock generation technology of arbitrary frequency by a small scale frequency-split and phase locked loop scheme, the new method to acquire the half-wave voltage of the phase modulator with a high accuracy in the condition of the single photon count, and the auto-compensated polarization technology by the Faraday-Michelson interferometer. Finally, the quantum key distribution is achieved with a quantum bit error rate of 3.9% when the transmission distance reaches 50 km.

DOI
10.7498/aps.60.094216.2

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A new differential phase shift quantum key distribution system based on the intensity modulator with Faraday-Michelson interferometer is demonstrated experimentally. Some technologies are employed to improve the performance of the quantum key distribution system. These technologies include the clock generation technology of arbitrary frequency by a small scale frequency-split and phase locked loop scheme, the new method to acquire the half-wave voltage of the phase modulator with a high accuracy in the condition of the single photon count, and the auto-compensated polarization technology by the Faraday-Michelson interferometer. Finally, the quantum key distribution is achieved with a quantum bit error rate of 3.9% when the transmission distance reaches 50 km.
We present an improved differential phase shift quantum key distribution schemewhich features auto-compensation，high efficiency，and excellent practicality. Alice modulates continuous laser using an intensity modulator based on polarization to generate coherent pulse train. Bob employs a Fraday-Michelson interferometer instead of a traditional M-Z interferometer，which automatically compensates for the polarization mode dispersion caused by the changes of environment and improves the stability of the interference visibility. The present scheme not only has a simpler configuration，but also offers a higher key creation efficiency than traditional schemes. Furthermore，it enhances the security of the system. With the proposed experimental setup，a stable quantum key distribution was performed over 80km fiber with a quantum bit-error rate of less than 4%.
We propose an auto-compensating differential phase shift scheme for quantum key distribution with a high key-creation efficiency, which skillfully makes use of automatic alignment of the photon polarization states in optical fiber with modified Michelson interferometers composed of unequal arms with Faraday mirrors at the ends. The Faraday-mirrors-based Michelson interferometers not only function as pulse splitters, but also enable inherent compensation of polarization mode dispersion in the optic-fiber paths at both Alice's and Bob's sites. The sequential pulses encoded by differential phase shifts pass through the quantum channel with the same polarization states, resulting in a stable key distribution immune to the polarization mode dispersion in the quantum channel. Such a system features perfect stability and higher key creation efficiency over traditional schemes.
We propose and demonstrate an improved differential phase shift key distribution scheme. Alice uses a pulsed laser source and two cascaded fiber loops to get coherent pulses, then modulates them randomly under differential phase shift scheme, which compensates for the random polarization mode dispersion and phase shift. An interferometer made up of two Faraday mirrors is employed to detect single photon under gate mode. In one-way transmission, QKD is free from Trojan attack. Our experiment at setup can work stably for a long time (at least 24h) with an error ratio of 3%. The stable scheme is efficient, economical and favorable for practical application.
Differential phase shift quantum key distribution(DPSQKD) experiment based on weak coherent pulses have been performed in the laboratory. We encoded the bit information between the consecutive pulses. The bit information was decoded at Bob's side by Michelson-Faraday interferometer and single photon detector. This kind of quantum key distribution system can provide stable key distribution process, high efficiency of key creation, and high security key. So it is easily implemented in optical fibers using readily available optical telecommunication tools. We experimented DPSQKD over 76 km on fiber, the error rate of the sifted key is 5.3%. The quantum key distribution process is controlled by micro-computer based on ARM (advanced RISC(reduced instruction set computing) machines) processor.
An improved DPS-QKD scheme is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. At Alice's site，we use a M-Z interferometer to produce two coherent pulses. At Bob's site，a Faraday-mirrors-based Michelson interferometer is used instead of a M-Z interferometer to auto-compensate for the phase drifts and polarization mode dispersions in the fiber. It enhances the security of the whole system to use the two quantum cryptography protocols (namely the two pulse DPS-QKD scheme associated with the BB84 scheme). It is shown in our experiment that such a system features perfect stability with a quantum bit error rate less than 5% and high key generation rate. This scheme has been implemented successfully during the 80km fiber transmission.