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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Continuous Multipartite Entangled Representation and Its Wigner Operator and Marginal Distribution

Hong‐Chun Yuan, Heng-Mei Li, Qi Kai-Guo

Published Dec 1, 2005• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By extending the EPR bipartite entanglement to multipartite case, we briefly introduce a continuous multipartite entangled representation and its canonical conjugate state in the multi-mode Fock space, analyze their Schmidt decompositions and give their entangling operators. Furthermore, based on the above analysis we also find the n -mode Wigner operator. In doing so we may identify the physical meaning of the marginal distribution of the Wigner function.

DOI
10.1088/6102/44/6/1015

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By extending the EPR bipartite entanglement to multipartite case, we briefly introduce a continuous multipartite entangled representation and its canonical conjugate state in the multi-mode Fock space, analyze their Schmidt decompositions and give their entangling operators. Furthermore, based on the above analysis we also find the n -mode Wigner operator. In doing so we may identify the physical meaning of the marginal distribution of the Wigner function.
Our primary purpose of this work is to explicitly construct the general multipartite Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) entangled state in multi-mode Fock space for a system with different masses of particles, which makes up a new quantum mechanical representation owing to completeness relation and orthogonal property. Its entanglement can be seen more clearly by analyzing its standard Schmidt decomposition. In addition, some applications of the multipartite entanglement are proposed including deriving the generalized Wigner operator and squeezing operator.
For a tripartite entangled system, based on the newly constructed tripartite Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entangled state, we find the entangled state representation of the Wigner operator. The corresponding Wigner function then leads us to obtain the physical marginal distributions. We emphasize that, for an entangled-particle system, the physical meaning of the Wigner distribution function should lie in that its marginal distributions give the probability of finding the particles in an entangled way.
According to the continuum bipartite entangled state representation |η> we derive the Schmidt decomposition of |η>, respectively in the coordinate representation, momentum representation and the particle number representation, and explain their physical significances. As the applications of the Schmidt decomposition, we directly derive the action of the single-mode squeeze operator on |η>, the two-mode squeeze operator's entangled state representation, as well as the matrix element of displacement operator in the Fock space. Generalization of our discussion in this paper to the multipartite entangled state cases is feasible.